ࡱ> ` S*bjbjss !]    4B NNNhjB 3,JZ ('\ ($_h 555 <<<5 8 <5<<&ʷ  8> FN7zr 03LQ9<Q88BQ z,.0X<12...:...35555B B IFTdJHB B FTB B B   WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ________________________  INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (OF UNESCO) ________________________ Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) Observations Programme Area Coordination Group Third Meeting Paris, France, 9 to 11 March 2009OCG-III/Doc. 4.5 (10.II.2009) __________ ITEM 4.5 Common Capacity Building Requirements (Submitted by the Secretariat) Summary and purpose of the document This document reviews common capacity-building requirements, particularly in terms of (i) programme implementation, (ii) instrument best practice, (iii) data collection and satellite data telecommunication, and (iv) data exchange. It proposes how to effectively implement the PANGEA concept.  ACTION PROPOSED The Group will review the information contained in this document and comment and make decisions or recommendations as appropriate. It will in particular: Review the requirements for developing the PANGEA concept, and propose a plan if/as appropriate; Consider producing training materials (e.g. video, brochure) summarizing best practices; Consider a strategy for documenting the use of various satellite data telecommunication systems for data collection of marine and oceanographic observing platforms; Contribute to the Oceanographers and Marine Meteorologists Cookbook for Submitting Data in Real Time and In Delayed Mode. ____________ Appendices: A. Prospectus for Training and Capacity Building Workshops in 2007 to Benefit Eastern Africa and Indian Ocean Rim Nations B. Draft Oceanographers and Marine Meteorologists Cookbook for Submitting Data in Real Time and In Delayed Mode Discussion 1. Introduction Global ocean observing system issues where the JCOMM Observations Programme Area can assist developing countries mainly include (i) programme implementation, (ii) instrument best practice, (iii) data collection and satellite data telecommunication, and (iv) data exchange. The following paragraphs provide for proposals for JCOMM to act in this regard. 1.1 Programme implementation 1.1.1 Those in charge of implementing components of the global ocean observing system are facing challenges for achieving appropriate geographical coverage in certain regions (e.g. Gulf of Guinea, Indian Ocean, Southern Hemisphere). Experience has proven that organizing Capacity Building workshop in corresponding regions can be successful provided that socio economical benefits can be demonstrated locally and appropriate expertise brought to the developing countries in the region. 1.1.2 Expertise to be provided includes (i) the use of ocean data to address the Regions operational and research requirements for WMO and IOC applications (e.g. climate, weather forecast, marine services), and (ii) programme implementation aspects (e.g. demonstrating proper deployment techniques, explaining data acquisition methods). In turn, those countries can assist with the implementation of the observing system by bringing logistical resources (e.g. storage facilities, deployment opportunities, ship time for the servicing of tropical moorings). 1.1.3 This concept is at the heart of the Partnership for New GEOSS Applications (PANGEA) where partnerships between developed countries and regional institutions is being strengthened, resulting both in improved resources sharing and in a wider appreciation, implementation and use of ocean observing platform programmes. An example, describing the Prospectus for Training and Capacity Building Workshops in 2007 to Benefit Eastern Africa and Indian Ocean Rim Nations is provided in Appendix A. 1.1.4 Experience also showed that the donation of instruments to developing countries was a very effective mechanism for developing ownership of national institutions in the region towards the global ocean observing system, raising awareness locally regarding the use of the data, addressing concerns that some Members might have regarding instruments making (or potentially making) measurements from their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), and eventually receiving substantial logistical support from those countries. 1.1.5 Such Capacity Building efforts need to be supported on a sustained basis. Standardized training materials must also be developed and kept updated in parallel with the organization of training programmes. 1.1.6 Although most of past activities along these lines have been provided by USA only in this regard, the PANGEA concept is being generalized so that it can be applied for any JCOMM developing country with support from any country(ies) and international organization(s). Requirements for realizing PANGEA includes the following: Identification by OPA of priority regions where PANGEA shall be promoted and for what type of observing platform(s). Full support from JCOMM and WMO and IOC Executive Councils. Identification of developed countries willing to commit expertise to PANGEA events on a sustained basis. Fund raising from national and international sources for organizing PANGEA events Formalization of an observing platform donation programme, and identification of donors for the deployment of platforms in the priority regions Support from Observing Panels to provide for expertise, develop training materials on programme implementation, and provide documentation Support from developing countries, including at the scientific, operational, and the higher political level, for organizing such events locally Potential support from developing countries to logistically support the implementation of the observing programmes regionally 1.1.7 The Coordination Group is invited to review these requirements and propose a plan for developing the PANGEA concept effectively. 1.2 Instrument best practices 1.2.1 Instrument best practices are being developed by JCOMM, including through the WIGOS Pilot Project for JCOMM, and in close cooperation with the WMO Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO). This is being addressed under agenda item 4.4. 1.2.2 In terms of Capacity Building, best practices must be promoted with developing countries contributing to the implementation of the observing system, and the corresponding documentation made available in the required media as appropriate (web/pdf, CD-ROM, paper). 1.2.3 Some specific information material summarizing the best practices, and presenting them in the form of training videos, brochures, etc. can also be considered. 1.3 Data collection and satellite data telecommunication 1.3.1 Data collection and satellite data telecommunication is an area where JCOMM (mainly through the DBCP and the SOT) has built experience, and is evaluating present and future systems on an ongoing basis. Some publications are available for specific systems (e.g. Argos) but efforts have to be made to document the use of all satellite data telecommunication systems for marine observing stations in terms of (i) coverage, (ii) data throughput, (iii) frequency, (iv) positioning capability, (v) timeliness, (vi) electric power requirements, (vii) two-way capability, (viii) conditions of use, (ix) availability of transmitters and/or receivers and their characteristics (size, weight, interface, protocols), (x) data processing (e.g. GTS) and service providers, and (xi) costs. 1.3.2 The Group is invited to propose a strategy for developing such documentation. 1.4 Data exchange 1.4.1 The JCOMM DMPA is preparing an Oceanographers and Marine Meteorologists Cookbook for Submitting Data in Real Time and In Delayed Mode. A draft is available in Appendix B. The Cookbook provides instructions for many kinds of data. Completion of this manual will require assistance from the OPA. The cookbook is providing information on procedures required to provide data for exchange in real-time, who to contact for assistance and other practical matters. Similar information will be available for delayed mode data. It is planned to present the first version of the Cookbook to JCOMM-III. 1.4.2 The Group is invited to contribute to the cookbook. ________________ Appendix A Prospectus for 2009 In-Region Training and Capacity Building Workshop For Southern/Eastern Africa and Western Indian Ocean Region 1. Partnerships for New GEOSS Applications (PANGEA) 1.1. In early November 2006, the Indonesian Research Vessel Baruna Jaya-1 set out from Jakarta for a sixteen day cruise with two United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ATLAS met-ocean buoys onboard for deployments off the NW coast of Sumatra. These two NOAA moorings were successfully deployed along 90E at 4N and 8N and are now providing new sources of near real-time ocean data, not only for climate but also for other marine services and applications. Earlier that year, U.S. ocean data applications experts conducted two training workshops in Indonesia, one in Bali (June) for the socio-economic applications of ocean information for climate risk management and agricultural applications, and in Bandung (September) for the use of ocean data for sustainable fisheries in Indonesia and regional waters. 1.2. Since 2006, annual capacity building workshops have been held in Indonesia and the number of moorings has increased, with regular servicing using Indonesian research vessels, to provide much needed in-situ observations for the eastern Indian Ocean. Similar Partnership activities are underway for the Central Indian Ocean. 1.3. Each of these activities is an element of a new Resource Sharing initiative, PANGEA - Partnerships for New GEOSS Applications. They are designed to galvanize existing capacity and build new, sustainable capacity in maritime regions by establishing Partnerships and holding in-country training workshops. This proposal will build on previous successes by coordinating similar new Resource Sharing Partnerships, both internal to the Region and external, and by implementing training and ocean observation enhancements for the Western Indian Ocean Region. 1.4. PANGEA builds on and complements other existing capacity building programs by: Promoting the use of ocean observations to help ensure regional socio-economic sustainability, Providing expert applications training to stake holders, end-users, scientists and decision-makers in the region, Demonstrating the practical socio-economic importance of ocean information to budget and policy officials so that ocean observations are viewed not only as important for science, but also for economic prosperity, and are therefore deemed a high priority for fiscal decisions, Establishing mutually-beneficial Resource Sharing Partnerships via Partnership Implementing Agreements (PIAs), Increasing regional in-situ ocean observations for numerous cross-cutting applications that impact the region, such as fisheries, agriculture, climate and coastal risk management, water resource management, community resiliency and marine multi-hazards. 2. Compelling Need for Western Indian Ocean PANGEA Workshop in 2009 2.1 The Indian Ocean is unique among the three tropical ocean basins since it is blocked at 25N by the Asian land mass. Seasonal heating over this land mass sets the stage for dramatic monsoon wind reversals and intense summer rains over the Indian subcontinent and adjoining areas of Southeast Asia. Recurrence of these summer monsoon rains is critical to agricultural production that provides life-sustaining support for hundreds of millions of people in the region. The resulting oceanic thermal structure produces feedbacks to the overlying atmosphere, which affect not only the monsoon circulation and rainfall patterns, but also weather and climate in remote parts of the globe, including influencing western U.S. long-term precipitation patterns through atmospheric teleconnections. 2.2 Despite the importance of the Indian Ocean in the regional and global climate system, it is the most poorly observed and least understood of the three tropical oceans. U.S. participation in the development of a sustained observing system in the Indian Ocean has lagged compared to the other two basins for a variety of logistical, scientific, and historical reasons. However, the importance of the Indian Ocean for understanding and predicting seasonal and longer-term climate variability throughout the world has been underscored by several recent discoveries. Among these are the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which is an ENSO-like positive/negative fluctuation involving coupled ocean-atmospheric interactions in the Indian Ocean region. In positive IOD phase years, precipitation increases in the central and southern portion of the African continent, causing floods, while in negative IOD phase years, it decreases, causing drought conditions. 2.3 During the Summer of 2006 the Indian Ocean experienced the strongest IOD ever documented. In response to this extreme positive phase of the IOD, Indian Ocean African Nations such as Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, Uganda and Tanzania were struck by record floods later in Autumn. The United Nations stated that at least 723,000 Kenyans were affected by the flooding, including tens of thousands of Somali refugees. While 96 victims fell to flooding in Somalia, 300,000 were displaced from their homes. Millions of others were effected by the extreme flooding due to destroyed farmlands, disrupted food supplies, cut off villages and washed away roads. Somalian officials also issued warnings for outbreaks of waterborne diseases, particularly cholera. Conversely, in the summer of 2005, Kenya and most of eastern Africa suffered from a severe drought. It was attributed mostly to a negative IOD phase when the eastern Indian Ocean had warmer than average temperature anomalies. 2.4 It is important to note that for this 2006 extreme event the worlds first successful IOD prediction was modeled four months earlier, April 2006, by the Japan Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC) Climate Variations Research Program using FRCGCs Earth Simulator super-computer. While an effective forecast was made that year, FRCGC and other modelers believe more accurate and timely predictions of the IOD and associated precipitation patterns can be achieved if enhanced Indian ocean observations are available for model assimilation. FRCGC is confident that extreme short precipitation events are predictable at least a season in advance with increased Indian Ocean observational data. Improved forecasts will help to provide more advanced and reliable warnings to Southern and Eastern Africa and mitigate IOD associated natural disasters. 2.5 Therefore, while PANGEA partnerships are a practical and effective means to enhance and apply ocean observations for sustainable development, and rapid progress has been made recently in implementing the CLIVAR/Indian Ocean GOOS (IOGOOS) Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS) in the Eastern and Central Indian Ocean, the most pressing need for 2009 is to now advance similar capacity for the Western Indian Ocean to benefit African and other Nations bordering the Western Indian Ocean. 2.6 For 2009 the IOC and JCOMM Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP) consider it critical to develop this capacity for the Western Indian Ocean, as the technology and global coordination for operational activities are now considered sufficiently mature. Also, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) recently organized the Climate Information for Development Needs: An Action Plan For Africa. This proposed PANGEA Workshop is consistent with both DBCP and GCOS objectives and would complement their other capacity building activities in this vital region such as data management and scientific workshops. 2.7 Towards this, during the DBCP-XXIV meeting in Capetown this past October, the DBCP Capacity Building Task Team held constructive discussions with Colleagues from the Region including Kenyan and South African Meteorological services regarding convening a Capacity Building Workshop for the Western Indian Ocean Region in 2009. 3. Western Indian Ocean Capacity Building Workshop for 2009 3.1 In harmony with the goals set forward by IOC, GEOSS, GCOS, DBCP and IOGOOS/CLIVAR, the principal objectives of this Capacity Building Workshop for 2009 are to advance the implementation and applications of western Indian Ocean in-situ ocean and marine meteorological observational data for: Improving South & East Africa, Western Indian Ocean precipitation forecasts, Enhancing ocean observations in the western Indian Ocean and increasing data exchange for model assimilation, More effectively applying ocean and model data to mitigate natural hazards due to extreme precipitation such as floods and droughts, Enhancing resiliency and reducing risk from extreme precipitation events, Increasing adaptation options, Partnership Implementing Agreements 3.2 In order to achieve these objectives, one of the principal deliverables from this workshop will be Partnership Implementing Agreements (PIAs) that will be used to establish Resource Sharing Partnerships among Organizations from within the Region as well as from outside the Region. For example, two organizations from within the Region could submit a joint proposal for a PIA or another option might be for an organization from the Region to Team with an organization from outside the Region and submit a joint proposal. For this workshop, Region can be loosely defined as Nations bordering the Western Indian Ocean. 3.3 PIA proposals should include the following general information and should be brief, less than five (5) pages: Title of Joint Collaboration Collaborating Organizations Shared Resources Identified Objective of Partnership Socio-economic Benefits to your organization and the Region Any Additional External Resources and/or Training Required for the PIA Observational Data Provided (Parameters, Location, Frequency, etc.) Workshop Representative(s) Identified 3.4 Travel support for participating in the Workshop will be provided to representative(s) of successful PIA proposals subject to the available level of funding. Funding support for the workshop is currently being provided by various sources however additional contributions will allow for inclusion of more collaborative capacity building projects. Proposed dates being considered for this in-region 3-4 day workshop are at the end of July or early August; please state your preference and/or any scheduling conflicts. PIAs will be due to the Chair of the Workshop Organizing Committee ( HYPERLINK "mailto:Sidney.Thurston@noaa.gov" Sidney.Thurston@noaa.gov) by not later than Friday 17 April via email attachment. The Workshop Organizing Committee will have two weeks to review all PIAs and announcements will be made to successful Projects by Friday 1 May. Any organization may Team with more than one Partner to submit multiple PIAs. 3.5 There will be two primary objectives of the workshop: 1) Signing of the Partnership Implementing Agreements and 2) obtaining training deemed necessary based on the direction of the PIAs. Experts will be identified and supported to provide training on potential workshops topics (to accommodate specific PIA requirements) to include: East and South Africas ocean observation requirements and their societal applications, state-of-the-art precipitation modelling using Indian Ocean data, Contributions to the Indian Ocean moored buoy array RAMA, Accessing and using India Ocean data, Regional coordination activities, Increasing the effectiveness of Ocean observations for enhancing resiliency and reducing risk, Climate risk management: Ongoing demonstrations in East & South Africa, and others. _________________ An Oceanographers and Marine Meteorologists Cookbook for Submitting Data in Real Time and In Delayed Mode The Bobs On Behalf of the JCOMM and the OOPC Draft 3.0 21 September, 2007 Executive Summary A practical guide to facilitate submission of oceanographic and marine meteorological data in real time and in delayed mode is presented. The intent is that this will be a living document, updated and corrected based on user input in order to stay current and relevant. Table of Contents  TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153730" 1. Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc178153730 \h 4  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153731" 2. Overview of Data Types Covered in the Document  PAGEREF _Toc178153731 \h 4  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153732" 2.1 Marine Meteorological Data Sets  PAGEREF _Toc178153732 \h 5  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153733" 2.1.1 Ships  PAGEREF _Toc178153733 \h 5  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153734" 2.1.2 Moored buoys  PAGEREF _Toc178153734 \h 5  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153735" 2.1.3 Drifting buoys  PAGEREF _Toc178153735 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153736" 2.2 Oceanographic Data Sets  PAGEREF _Toc178153736 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153737" 2.2.1 Ships  PAGEREF _Toc178153737 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153738" 2.2.2 Moored Buoys  PAGEREF _Toc178153738 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153739" 2.2.3 Drifting Buoys  PAGEREF _Toc178153739 \h 7  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153740" 2.2.4 Profiling Floats (and gliders)  PAGEREF _Toc178153740 \h 7  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153741" 3. Overview of Activities Seeking Real Time Data Inputs  PAGEREF _Toc178153741 \h 7  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153742" 4. Overview of Activities Seeking Delayed Mode Data Inputs  PAGEREF _Toc178153742 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153743" 5. Primer of Data Formats  PAGEREF _Toc178153743 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153744" 5.1 Real-time Data  PAGEREF _Toc178153744 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153745" 5.2 Delayed Mode Data  PAGEREF _Toc178153745 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153746" 6. Real-time Oceanographic and Marine Meteorological Data Submission Pathways and Protocols  PAGEREF _Toc178153746 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153747" 6.1 General Information  PAGEREF _Toc178153747 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153748" 6.1.1 What is the GTS?  PAGEREF _Toc178153748 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153749" 6.1 2 How does the GTS work?  PAGEREF _Toc178153749 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153750" 6.1 3 What observations should or can go to the GTS?  PAGEREF _Toc178153750 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153751" 6.1.4 How do data get onto the GTS?  PAGEREF _Toc178153751 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153752" 6.1.5 How fast do observations need to get to the GTS?  PAGEREF _Toc178153752 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153753" 6.1.6 Who do I contact?  PAGEREF _Toc178153753 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153754" 6.1.7 What about data quality?  PAGEREF _Toc178153754 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153755" 6.2 Moving data to the GTS  PAGEREF _Toc178153755 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153756" 6.2.1 Getting data ashore.  PAGEREF _Toc178153756 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153757" 6.2.2 What to do after the data are ashore?  PAGEREF _Toc178153757 \h 11  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153758" 6.2.3 Who do I talk to for help?  PAGEREF _Toc178153758 \h 11  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153759" 6.3 Getting data from the GTS  PAGEREF _Toc178153759 \h 12  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153760" 7. Delayed-mode Oceanographic and Marine Meteorological Data Submission Pathways and Protocols  PAGEREF _Toc178153760 \h 12  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153761" 8. Cookbook 1: Recipes for Submitting Marine Meteorological Data in Real Time  PAGEREF _Toc178153761 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153762" Recipe 1: VOS  PAGEREF _Toc178153762 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153763" Recipe 2: Research Ship  PAGEREF _Toc178153763 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153764" Recipe 3: Naval Vessel  PAGEREF _Toc178153764 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153765" Recipe 4: A Buoy with Service Argos Telemetry  PAGEREF _Toc178153765 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153766" Recipe 5: A Buoy with Iridum Telemetry  PAGEREF _Toc178153766 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153767" 9. Cookbook 2: Recipes for Submitting Marine Meteorological Data in Delayed-Mode  PAGEREF _Toc178153767 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153768" Recipe 1: Moored Buoy  PAGEREF _Toc178153768 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153769" Recipe 2: Drifting Buoy  PAGEREF _Toc178153769 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153770" Recipe 3: VOS  PAGEREF _Toc178153770 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153771" Recipe 4: Research Ship  PAGEREF _Toc178153771 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153772" Recipe 5: Naval Vessel  PAGEREF _Toc178153772 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153773" 10. Cookbook 3: Recipes for Submitting Oceanographic Data in Real-time  PAGEREF _Toc178153773 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153774" Recipe 1: Lowered Instrument (CTD, Bottle, XBT, etc.) Data  PAGEREF _Toc178153774 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153775" Recipe 2: Profiling Float Data via Service Argos or National Systems  PAGEREF _Toc178153775 \h 14  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153776" Recipe 3: Profiling Float Data via Iridium  PAGEREF _Toc178153776 \h 15  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153777" Recipe 4: Moored Buoy Data via Service Argos  PAGEREF _Toc178153777 \h 15  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153778" Recipe 5: Moored Buoy Data via Iridum  PAGEREF _Toc178153778 \h 15  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153779" Recipe 6: Drifting Buoy Data via Service Argos  PAGEREF _Toc178153779 \h 15  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153780" Recipe 7: Drifting Buoy Data via Iridum  PAGEREF _Toc178153780 \h 16  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153781" Recipe 8: Data via National Services  PAGEREF _Toc178153781 \h 16  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153782" 11. Cookbook 4: Recipes for Submitting Oceanographic Data in Delayed Mode.  PAGEREF _Toc178153782 \h 16  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153783" Recipe 1: Lowered Instrument (CTD, Bottle, XBT, etc.) Data  PAGEREF _Toc178153783 \h 16  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153784" Recipe 2: Profiling Float Data  PAGEREF _Toc178153784 \h 17  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153785" Recipe 3: Moored Buoy Data  PAGEREF _Toc178153785 \h 17  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153786" Recipe 4: Drifting Buoy Data  PAGEREF _Toc178153786 \h 17  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153787" Appendix I. Contact Information at Operational Centres  PAGEREF _Toc178153787 \h 18  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc178153788" Appendix II. Contact Information at Archive Centres  PAGEREF _Toc178153788 \h 18  1. Introduction A number of national, regional and international programmes are collecting oceanographic and marine meteorological data either in project funded activities or in a monitoring mode. Some of these data are contributed to the international data systems and so become readily available either in real-time or delayed mode to other researchers. But, another fraction of these observations are accumulated in home institutions and are delayed or sometimes never reach the international community. Those data that can be sent shortly after collection can contribute to real-time data exchange and thereby support the development of operational meteorological and oceanographic services. Those that arrive in delayed mode improve the base archives used to develop climatologies, extend time series, and contribute to studies of climate change, among other activities. Because of the paucity of marine data, all observations are valuable. The intent of this document is to provide a practical resource to those who collect oceanographic and marine meteorological data to facilitate contribution of the data to the international community. The focus is on in-situ, directly observed measurements, rather than on remote sensing data (e.g. from satellites). The approach taken here is to provide several brief, informative primers on the data types covered in this document, example activities that use the data, and then on the pathways and protocols for submitting data, both in real time and in delayed mode. These primers are followed by cookbooks that provide the detailed procedures to provide data. This document will be maintained electronically with additions made as required. The intent is to have frequent refreshes and additions to the recipes as users provide feedback and additional inputs. Please send input via email to (JCOMM-Ops point of contact or other?). This document will be kept up to date and available on the JCOMM-Ops web page (http: insert write URL). 2. Overview of Data Types Covered in the Document The cookbook is organized according to types of data (broadly meteorological or oceanographic) and the delivery time frame (real-time or delayed mode). Each is then subdivided into recipes that address specific platform types and/ or instruments. The intention is that someone being encouraged to submit data can simply consult the appropriate recipe for the very practical details of what needs to be done and how. All of the platforms referenced can operate to deliver data in real-time (usually within minutes to days of the observation being made). In some cases, such as profiling floats, that is the sole mode of operation. Real-time data transmissions use coastal radios, Inmarsat, Service Argos or Iridium satellite communication systems to provide all or a subset of data. Real-time data have limitations that need to be recognized. Because of telecommunications bandwidth or transmission costs, the high precision measurements of which the instruments are capable may not be sent ashore for distribution. Instruments may sample at a very high frequency but report some averaged quantity in real-time. Observations sent ashore in real-time may have errors due to instrument malfunction and drift or telecommunications problems. In making the data available quickly, it is usual to have automated data quality checking software looking for errors. These are not capable of finding the more subtle errors and so it is common for a higher error rate to be found in real-time data streams. In some modes of data collection, usually in research projects, instruments collect data at a higher sampling frequency than is reported in real-time, or at a higher precision. In these cases, the data are often stored on-board and returned to the operational centre The data then pass through delayed mode processing to carry out calibrations, check for possible errors and form the subject of research. These delayed mode data are of the highest quality, highest resolution data available. However, the delays in data reaching archives and becoming available to a wide user community can be months or years. 2.1 Marine Meteorological Data Sets Marine meteorological observations come from a variety of platforms. The following sections discuss characteristics of the major types. Higher sampling rate data may be stored on board and available for submission later in delayed mode. This is true for research buoys, for example, that record surface meteorology as one-minute averages but do further averaging to produce one-hour averages for telemetry. 2.1.1 Ships Merchant ships that serve as Volunteer Observing Ships (VOS), naval and Coast Guard vessels, research ships, fishing vessels, and vessels of other national agencies collect observations that include wind speed and direction, air temperature, sea temperature, a humidity variable (dew point, wet bulb, relative humidity or absolute humidity), barometric pressure, incoming shortwave or solar radiation, incoming longwave or infrared radiation, cloud cover (type, amount, at different elevations), surface wave and swell, and sea ice. Some of these, notably a number of research vessels carry automated meteorological stations that sample at high frequency and high precision. Refer to various types Taylor et al VOS-NA, ASIMET type, Autoimet, etc 2.1.2 Moored buoys National weather agencies and diverse research programs maintain for different periods of time moored buoys to collect marine meteorological data. Examples include the equatorial moorings in both Pacific and Atlantic Oceans as well as moorings in place in the Indian Ocean. Some nations also maintain networks of coastal buoys that gather data at high frequency. All of these data reach the national weather agencies. Ocean research programs also deploy moored platforms and in most cases these, too, record meteorological information. It is not the case that all of these data get to national agencies. The observation regime is one in which instruments are operated automatically and often for extended periods of time. Data are typically transferred ashore through telecommunications systems, often satellite systems. 2.1.3 Drifting buoys Surface drifters have been in large scale use since the early 1980s. Typically they report a suite of atmospheric variables including air temperature, air pressure, pressure tendency, and some are now being deployed with wind sensors. The deployment and operation of the data collection in the open ocean are overseen by the JCOMM Drifting Buoy Cooperation Panel. This group is an affiliation of operators that negotiates telecommunications costs, promotes standards for data formats, works to improve instrumentation, coordinates deployments to achieve global coverage and a number of other functions. But there are also other drifter deployments, usually for short time scale operations such as for search and rescue or targeted research. While the pathways for global distribution of data collections overseen by DBCP are well established and functioning, in many cases there are no pathways for the short time scale operations. 2.2 Oceanographic Data Sets Oceanographic observations are made from ships, from moored buoys, from drifting surface buoys, from profiling floats (including ocean gliders). Higher sampling rate data may be stored on board and available for submission later in delayed mode. This is true for research ships, for example, that record sea temperature profiles at 1m or better resolution, but report data in real-time only at inflection points in the profile. 2.2.1 Ships Merchant ships that serve as Ship Of Opportunity Programme (SOOP), naval and Coast Guard vessels, research ships, fishing vessels, and vessels of other national agencies collect observations that include sea temperature, salinity, currents (speed and direction), dissolved oxygen, other chemical variables such as nutrients, information about pollutants such as oil, biological information such as types and abundance of fish or plankton, sea bottom types, etc. Though the range of variables collected by ships is large, the number of ships doing so is smaller than for meteorological variables. Research vessels play an important role in these observations since a large fraction of the data collected are from research cruises. 2.2.2 Moored Buoys Moored platforms collecting oceanographic information may be operated by national weather agencies or diverse research programs. The buoys operated by national agencies often are maintained for extended periods of time while those for research purposes may function for the life of the project only. The open ocean moorings in the equatorial oceans often use subsurface instruments to report ocean temperature and sometimes salinity profiles. Coastal buoys may collect other information including currents, light levels at different depths, particle counters, etc. Many of these gather data at high frequency but report average quantities in real-time. The observation regime is one in which instruments are operated automatically and often for extended periods of time. Data are typically transferred ashore through telecommunications systems, often satellite systems. 2.2.3 Drifting Buoys Surface drifters report a suite of oceanographic variables as well as atmospheric ones including sea surface temperature and salinity. Some are deployed with subsurface instrumentation as well that measures usually temperature and sometimes salinity. The deployment and operation of the data collection in the open ocean are overseen by the JCOMM Drifting Buoy Cooperation Panel. This group is an affiliation of operators that negotiates telecommunications costs, promotes standards for data formats, works to improve instrumentation, coordinates deployments to achieve global coverage and a number of other functions. But there are also other drifter deployments, usually for short time scale operations such as for search and rescue or targeted research. While the pathways for global distribution of data collections overseen by DBCP are well established and functioning, in many cases there are no pathways for the short time scale operations. 2.2.4 Profiling Floats (and gliders) The recent developments of mass produced, standard models of autonomous profilers has opened a new chapter in ocean observations. The profiling instruments are able to descend up to about 2000m and ascend to the surface on a predetermined schedule sampling temperature salinity, and occasionally water properties. Some are outfitted with wings (gliders) that allow them to direct their movements during ascent and descent to a degree. These instruments can operate unaided for years. Newer models are being tested that permit 2 way communications so that on-board programming can be altered to change the characteristics of the sampling. 3. Overview of Activities Seeking Real Time Data Inputs There are two reasons to encourage real-time data inputs. The first is simply as a way to make data available as quickly as possible after collection to users who require them, as discussed below. The second is that data reported in real-time act as a notification of a data collection activity from which delayed mode data may be expected. It is a way for the international data system to be aware on a large scale about data collection activities taking place, without necessarily direct involvement in each and every programme. The clients for real-time data include the operational meteorological and oceanographic communities. These groups, epitomized by national weather centres, use in-situ observations as input to computer models. Models are used to fill in gaps in the observations to show both the current and predicted state of the ocean and atmosphere. The predictions can be from short time scales of hours to days, to seasonal or longer. More and more meteorological models are being connected to oceanographic models and in-situ data keep the models aligned with reality. Real-time data are used directly in hazard warning or mitigation situations. For example, real-time sea level observations are used to gauge the level of possible flooding, or simple to ensure the safety of shipping in confined waters. 4. Overview of Activities Seeking Delayed Mode Data Inputs Delayed mode data are used in many different circumstances. Because of their high quality and high resolution, they form the backbone of research. They contribute to analyses of trends over time and to the formulation of climatologies. Climatologies have many uses including the assessment of how typical are recent observations and so their reliability, and to assist in preparing data for ingestion by models. Delayed mode data are also of importance in calibrating real-time observations. In the Argo program, for example, high quality, delayed mode temperature and salinity observations from CTDs are used to assess the real-time data collected by profiling floats and to make adjustments for instrument drift. These are crucial for finding the more subtle errors Modelers often will carry out re-analyses of historical data to build reference data sets. These make use of the high quality delayed mode data that have replaced real-time observations. These can be particularly valuable in assessing extreme events and developing better performing models. 5. Primer of Data Formats 5.1 Real-time Data Virtually every instrument making observations produces data with a unique structure. In order for these to be usable, the data must be converted to more general formats. Unfortunately there is no single standard for data delivery. However the most well controlled deliveries are those associated with real-time data. Most oceanographic and meteorological data delivered in real-time are reported through the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) operated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). There are two types of data structures for reporting data. The older form is called Traditional Alphanumeric Codes (TACs). These are character based forms, whose structures are rigidly set and maintained by WMO committees. They have been in operation for decades. A comprehensive list of these is provided by WMO (see Manual on Codes at  HYPERLINK "http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WMOCodes.html#Operational" http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WMOCodes.html#Operational ). Although TACs are relatively easy to learn, they are fairly inflexible to changing requirements, and place a heavy maintenance burden on encode and decode software. TACs are being phased out by WMO in favour of Table Driven Codes (TDCs). The earliest version, called Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data (BUFR), is based on a number of tables listing variables and setting the number of bits used to send the information. A character form, was developed later and is called CREX. (See the same URL as above but reference BUFR). The advantage of BUFR is that a simple addition to a BUFR table allows new variables to be reported. This is a much simpler and flexible process than available for TACs. It is becoming popular to report data in real-time through the Internet by placing updates on web sites. Other technologies also exist that allow data to be sent through a subscription like service, or for users to regularly pull data from a site where data are made available. Data made available this way are often available only to restricted audiences. In a redevelopment of its data transmission systems the WMO Information System (WIS) will support GTS-like operations for time critical data and also support request-reply operations for data that have less time critical characteristics. Since this is only developing at this stage, no more will be mentioned of WIS in this cookbook. 5.2 Delayed Mode Data Delayed mode data appear in data structures that are nearly as varied as those delivered from instruments. Depending on operations of archive centres, they may be flexible in accepting data in many data structures, or more rigid and require data to arrive in only a few. There has been little success in standardizing these operations. In terms of distributing delayed mode data, recent years have shown some convergence. Within the meteorological community, GRIB is used to exchange gridded fields. In oceanography, netCDF is beginning to be popular for gridded fields and has also been used in the past to send point observations as well, though it was not well suited to this purpose. For marine meteorology, the data system built to handle data from Volunteer Observing Ships (VOS) uses the International Marine Meteorological (IMM) format for distributing data. 6. Real-time Oceanographic and Marine Meteorological Data Submission Pathways and Protocols 6.1 General Information 6.1.1 What is the GTS? The Global Telecommunications System (GTS) is the communications network operated by national meteorological services of countries. The rules and regulations of its operation are governed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) located in Geneva. It is the network by which most of the meteorological data that are collected by nations are exchanged between countries around the world. It is the chief source of data that are used in the national weather prediction models operated by countrys meteorological services. 6.1 2 How does the GTS work? Data are bundled singly or multiply into bulletins. These have a prescribed structure that must be met. For data transmitted in character codes, the structure of the bulletin conveys some information about what kind of data are contained inside, and from what region of the world the data originate. Data sent in binary form travel on the GTS under different bulletins that convey different information from the bulletins carrying character codes. For oceanographers, it is simplest to talk to the local meteorological contact to get advice. 6.1 3 What observations should or can go to the GTS? There is a large suite of meteorological variables that can be sent on the GTS even in the older character code forms. Table driven code forms allow for even more variables and additional information about the sampling used. Oceanographic data may be sent in a more limited set of older character code forms and a very limited number of variables are handled. The table driven code forms permit more variables to be sent. The URL given in section 5.1 provides comprehensive lists of variables allowed on the GTS. 6.1.4 How do data get onto the GTS? Only national meteorological services have direct access to the GTS. That means to get data onto the GTS, an arrangement has to be made with your country's meteorological service to allow you to provide data that they insert onto the GTS on your behalf. Arrangements are different in each country, but data always are inserted onto the GTS only by the national meteorological service. 6.1.5 How fast do observations need to get to the GTS? Meteorological observations are usually inserted onto the GTS as soon as possible after measurement. Since they are used by many countries in numerical weather forecasting, the most recent data are extremely important for input to the models. For oceanographic purposes, there is an agreement that observations up to 30 days old can go onto the GTS. This delay period represents a common understanding of the time utility of observations contributing to real-time operations. In recent years, there has been both an emphasis on getting data distributed more quickly and success in doing this. The ideal is to provide the data as soon as they are available. 6.1.6 Who do I contact? If you are intending to transform observational data into either TACs or TDCs, you will need to make contact with your country's national meteorological service to find out how to physically move the data to them, to determine what help they can provide in transforming your data into GTS compliant forms, to verify that your messages were built correctly, to get their advice on what bulletins should contain the data, and perhaps other considerations as well. 6.1.7 What about data quality? Some groups will insert data onto the GTS with no checking of data quality having been carried out. Others undertake some quality checking. In most cases, the quality checking is done quickly, and often using automated procedures. For this reason, the quality of data on the GTS cannot be considered as good as would be true if more time were available. Because of the time constraint, it is seldom possible to carry out instrument calibrations, corrections to times for clock errors, and only simple position checks. In most of the TACs, there is no way to indicate the quality of the data being distributed on the GTS. Usually, if quality control is carried out, observations that fail the tests are removed from the data stream going to the GTS. If TDCs forms are used, it is possible to send both the observations and quality indicators. Data providers may choose to remove measurements that fail tests or simply set a quality flag indicating their poor quality, but send the complete set of measurements made. Users of real-time data realize that they are trading high accuracy for timeliness. 6.2 Moving data to the GTS 6.2.1 Getting data ashore. The data should come from the offshore platform as quickly as possible. In some cases, the data come ashore through a telecommunications system such as Services Argos, Iridium, Inmarsat, or even email. Meteorological data that do not get distributed on the GTS within a few hours of observation are often ignored by numerical weather prediction centres. For oceanographic data, it may be more convenient or acceptable for a cruise of short enough duration to bring all of the data ashore at the end of the cruise. While it is preferred to have the data distributed to the GTS in the shortest possible time after measurement, as long as the time between oceanographic observations and placing on the GTS is less than 30 days, the data are valuable in real-time. It is often the case that some reduction in resolution (either the precision of the measurement, or the spatial or temporal resolution) is done. Often this is to reduce the quantity of data that are sent through communications systems so as to reduce transmission costs to a land station. However, the GTS is capable of handling relatively high resolution data, if they can be sent ashore. For example, sending XBT data at 1 m intervals from the surface to 800 m poses no difficulty for the GTS transmission. All code forms (TACs or TDCs) for ocean profiles have the ability to indicate if the depths reported for the observations are "selected" or "significant". A profile with selected depths is one where the depths at which observations are reported are selected independently of the shape of the profile. A profile with significant depths has used some algorithm, such as the "broken pipe" method, to reduce the number of depths required while still reproducing the features of a profile to some pre-selected accuracy. 6.2.2 What to do after the data are ashore? For some kinds of data, such as from surface drifters that report using Service Argos, buoy operators need only give permission to Service Argos to distribute their data on the GTS. Then, with the necessary information to decode the communication from the buoy itself, Service Argos takes care of the rest. This may also be true for data sent through the Iridium system. For other kinds of data, what you need to do depends on what facilities exist in your country. In some, the national ocean data centre will accept the data and do all of the necessary work to convert the data to the format required by the GTS. Normally they will also send the data to the national meteorological service for insertion onto the GTS. It is best to contact the data centre ahead of time to discuss formats for the data coming to the centre, and mechanisms to pass the data from the place where the data come ashore. In Canada, for example, the national oceanographic data centre accepts data arriving in an agreed email format, data already formatted to comply with GTS rules, or data sent in other formats. They convert the data to an internal data structure, pass them through a quality check, reformat to the appropriate TAC, send the data to the GTS and then monitor that the data were distributed on the GTS. In Australia, there is a similar process, but it is a shared oceanographic and meteorological service that performs the same function. Other countries have different capabilities. 6.2.3 Who do I talk to for help? If you don't know who to talk to in your own country, there are a couple of choices. If you have a national oceanographic data centre, contact them to find out what services they can offer (see URLs provided in section 7). Alternatively, you can contact the JCOMMOPS Technical Coordinator (see Contacts at  HYPERLINK "http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/JCOMMOPS" http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/JCOMMOPS ). Although they may not know precisely who you should talk to, they will know the coordinator in your country, and that person should be a useful place to start. 6.3 Getting data from the GTS If you are part of your national meteorological service, you should already know what branch of your service manages GTS data. If you are outside of a national meteorological service, you should contact your national meteorological service to ask if they can provide the data to you. You will need to discuss the format of the data extracted from the GTS and coming to you. You may need to write software to read the various data formats (see the descriptions above). If you are interested in oceanographic data, another possibility is to talk to the national ocean data centre in Canada (  HYPERLINK "http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Contact_US/Request_e.asp" http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Contact_US/Request_e.asp ). They already acquire all of the ocean profile data reported in TACs (BATHY and TESAC) as well as all surface drifter data (BUOY), and along track observations (TRACKOB) from everywhere in the world. These data are decoded, and combined into a consistent format, with quality control procedures applied and quality flags attached. For the profile data, files are produced 3 times a week and can be automatically forwarded to a user through an ftp process. Some wave data (WAVEOB) are reported on the GTS. If wave data are required, it is likely simpler to go to national wave data web sites rather than attempt to get the data from the GTS. 7. Delayed-mode Oceanographic and Marine Meteorological Data Submission Pathways and Protocols The international exchange of delayed mode ocean data is coordinated through the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE,  HYPERLINK "http://www.iode.org/" http://www.iode.org/ ) of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). The IODE system forms a worldwide network consisting of DNAs (Designated National Agencies), NODCs (National Oceanographic Data Centres), SODCs (Specialized Oceanographic Data Centres) and WDCs (World Data Centres Oceanography). Currently there are over 60 oceanographic data centres in as many countries (see  HYPERLINK "http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61&Itemid=103" http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61&Itemid=103) . NODCs provide national points of contact for researchers to both provide data to and access data from international sources. Each NODC operates under national arrangements for the kinds of data they handle and how their operations are structured. Points of contact for each can be found at  HYPERLINK "http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=38" http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=38. Researchers wishing to contribute data should contact their national data centre first. If a country does not have an NODC, contact can be made to the IODE Project Office established in Ostende, Belgium ( HYPERLINK "http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=46&Itemid=84" http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=46&Itemid=84 ). The office manager can assist in making arrangements for transfer of the data to an appropriate archive centre. 8. Cookbook 1: Recipes for Submitting Marine Meteorological Data in Real Time Recipe 1: VOS Via Service Argos/GTS Via Iridium ? Recipe 2: Research Ship Recipe 3: Naval Vessel Recipe 4: A Buoy with Service Argos Telemetry Recipe 5: A Buoy with Iridum Telemetry 9. Cookbook 2: Recipes for Submitting Marine Meteorological Data in Delayed-Mode Recipe 1: Moored Buoy Recipe 2: Drifting Buoy Recipe 3: VOS Recipe 4: Research Ship Recipe 5: Naval Vessel 10. Cookbook 3: Recipes for Submitting Oceanographic Data in Real-time Recipe 1: Lowered Instrument (CTD, Bottle, XBT, etc.) Data General Information: Measurements such as these made with in-situ instruments deployed from ships may require a multi-step process to get the data distributed in real-time. The JCOMM Ship Observation Team ( see  HYPERLINK "http://www.jcommops.org/sot/" http://www.jcommops.org/sot/ ) coordinates activities for ships participating in the Ship Of Opportunity Programme (SOOP see  HYPERLINK "http://www.jcommops.org/soopip/" http://www.jcommops.org/soopip/ ). There is much useful information at the SOOP web site even though the SOOP does not cover all platforms collecting data of this type. Step 1: In order to report data on the GTS, the ship must use an identifier called a call sign. This is assigned to a ship by each country with due notification provided to the ITU (International Telecommunication Union -  HYPERLINK "http://www.itu.int" http://www.itu.int ). Each country has a member and this information is available from the ITU web site. They can help if you need to set the ships identification. Step 2: The data gathered on board the platform needs to be sent ashore. The ship can use the facilities promoted by the SOOP. To do so, refer to the section on Telecommunications at the SOOP web site. Alternatively, countries may choose to get data ashore through other methods. For example, in Canada, data collected from research vessels operated by the Canadian Government will sometimes send the data ashore through email. Alternatively, for cruises of short duration (shorter than the 30 day cut off for ocean data on the GTS), the cruise operator will bring the data back to port before any preparation for dissemination occurs. Step 3: After the data come ashore, they must be converted to the appropriate character code form (usually BATHY or TESAC) or into BUFR. If you use the facilities described at the SOOP web site, and the data go to a national meteorological centre, there should be nothing more to do. Consult with the SOOP Coordinator (on the SOOP web pages under Participants and Contacts). Step 4: If you choose not to use the facilities of SOOP, then you will need to make arrangements to convert the data into appropriate data formats for the GTS. These were generally described in section 5. If you are going to transform the data into TACs (character code forms) then you will need to look at the BATHY and TESAC code forms. Use the link given above to WMO and click on Manual on Codes, then Part A. Alphanumeric Codes. Alternatively, you can go to a web site maintained by Canadas Integrated Science Data Management group (Canadas ocean data archive) (see  HYPERLINK "http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Prog_Int/J-COMM/J-COMM_e.htm" http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Prog_Int/J-COMM/J-COMM_e.htm and click on the code form of interest). This latter site is not the official version, so if there should be any differences between information found at WMO and that found at ISDM, the authoritative source is WMO. If you are going to use BUFR, the same link given in section 5 takes you to the various pages describing BUFR. This is a significantly complicated code form and you are advised to consult with your national meteorological centre for advice. An initial point of contact could be to use your countrys SOT co-ordinator or the JCOMM contacts (see  HYPERLINK "http://www.jcommops.org/contacts.html" http://www.jcommops.org/contacts.html ). Example: Over time Canadas ocean data centre, ISDM, has assumed responsibility for coordinating the submission of ocean profile data from its research vessels to the GTS. The data are sent to ISDM, usually by email, and they carry out preliminary quality checking, format conversion and posting to the GTS through uploading of files to the meteorological agency in Canada who then place the data on the GTS. You can contact them through the Services link at  HYPERLINK "http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Home_e.htm" http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Home_e.htm for more details. Recipe 2: Profiling Float Data via Service Argos or National Systems General information: The Argo programme is well coordinated internationally with the Argo Data Management Team managing all aspects of handling the data. For information about the programme itself see  HYPERLINK "http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/index.html" http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/index.html. For information about the data management component, see  HYPERLINK "http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htm" http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htm. You should also read the Argo Data Management Handbook available at  HYPERLINK "http://www.coriolis.eu.org/cdc/argo/argo_data_management_handbook.pdf" http://www.coriolis.eu.org/cdc/argo/argo_data_management_handbook.pdf. Step 1: Before your profiling floats can report data in real-time they need to be assigned a unique WMO identifier. Each country has been assigned a block of numbers and the country coordinator can provide identifiers for you. To see who is your countrys national coordinator for Argo see  HYPERLINK "http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Argo" http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Argo and choose Contacts then Argo National Focal Points. If your country has never deployed Argo floats before, contact the Argo Technical Coordinator at the same link. Note that these identifiers are never reused; when a float dies, its identifier dies with it. Step 2: Service Argos provides two services for profiling float operators. For the first service, they provide telecommunications facilities to relay data from the float to shore. In order to do this, your float must be equipped with an Argos transmitter and you must have an account at Service Argos. Consult Service Argos personnel at  HYPERLINK "http://www.cls.fr/html/argos/welcome_en.html" http://www.cls.fr/html/argos/welcome_en.html or speak to the Argo Technical coordinator through the Argo Information Centre (AIC) web site given in Step 1. Step 3: The second service offered by Service Argos is to decode the messages coming from your float, apply the standard Argo quality control tests, reformat to TESAC code form and insert the data onto the GTS. For details of how to initiate this, again speak to a representative from Service Argos or the Argo Technical Coordinator. If this is your choice, once you have made arrangements with Service Argos, you have nothing more to do to get the data distributed. Step 4: In addition to sending data to the GTS, Service Argos also will transform the data into the standard exchange format for Argo and forward the data to the Global Data Assembly Centers. These centres, one in France and one in the U.S.A., provide mirror sites where users can find Argo data. For more information about these centres, see the link in Step 1 describing the data management system. Step 5: Some countries choose to do their own processing of data received from the floats and take care of getting the data to the GTS. Your country may be one of these and so it is worthwhile talking to your Argo national coordinator (see Step 1). If your country does its own processing, the Argo National Focal Point will put you in touch with the processing facility. Recipe 3: Profiling Float Data via Iridium Recipe 4: Moored Buoy Data via Service Argos General Information: The Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP:  HYPERLINK "http://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/" http://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/ ) oversees the operations of drifting buoys. Anyone contemplating deploying drifting buoys should contact the chair of the Panel or the DBCP Technical Coordinator available through the web address given above. Step 1: Before you can distribute data in real-time on the GTS, you must have a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) identifier given to your buoy. More explanation of what is a WMO identifier and how to get one is provided at  HYPERLINK "http://www.jcommops.org/wmo_numbers.html" http://www.jcommops.org/wmo_numbers.html. If this is unavailable, you can contact the DBCP Coordinator at the link provided above. Step 2: When Service Argos manages the insertion of the data onto the GTS, a buoy operator needs to provide sufficient information to tell them how to extract the data from the message sent by the PTT. Service Argos then configures their decoder to be able to read the data transmission from the buoy to extract the observations made, reformat the data to appear on the GTS in both BUOY code (a character code form) and BUFR (the binary code form). Recipe 5: Moored Buoy Data via Iridum Recipe 6: Drifting Buoy Data via Service Argos General Information: The Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP:  HYPERLINK "http://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/" http://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/ ) oversees the operations of drifting buoys. Anyone contemplating deploying drifting buoys should contact the chair of the Panel or the DBCP Technical Coordinator available through the web address given above. Step 1: Before you can distribute data in real-time on the GTS, you must have a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) identifier given to your buoy. More explanation of what is a WMO identifier and how to get one is provided at  HYPERLINK "http://www.jcommops.org/wmo_numbers.html" http://www.jcommops.org/wmo_numbers.html. If this is unavailable, you can contact the DBCP Coordinator at the link provided above. Step 2: When Service Argos manages the insertion of the data onto the GTS, a buoy operator needs to provide sufficient information to tell them how to extract the data from the message sent by the PTT. Service Argos then configures their decoder to be able to read the data transmission from the buoy to extract the observations made, reformat the data to appear on the GTS in both BUOY code (a character code form) and BUFR (the binary code form). Recipe 7: Drifting Buoy Data via Iridum Recipe 8: Data via National Services Some countries prefer to manage sending data in real-time through their own national services rather than commercial services such as Service Argos or Iridium. Examples of this can be found in the Argo programme (managing profiling float data) where some countries have built their own processing capabilities to receive data through the telecommunications facility that manages getting data from the float to shore (either Service Argos, Iridium, or whatever other means they have). In these cases, national services are responsible for all of the processing including creating the TESAC (soon to be BUFR) message type. Contact your national weather service or national ocean data centre to see what capabilities they have. 11. Cookbook 4: Recipes for Submitting Oceanographic Data in Delayed Mode. Recipe 1: Lowered Instrument (CTD, Bottle, XBT, etc.) Data General information: Section 7 provides information about the international system for managing ocean data. The links provided there will allow you to determine if your country has a point of contact, and where they are situated. Step 1: Each national data centre operates under nationally set mandates and procedures. After contact is made, they will explain what are the procedures for submitting data to the centre and what they do with the data that are received. Some centres accept data in a limited number of formats and others are more liberal. The first step is to determine what data formats are mutually acceptable and by what means the data can be moved. Step 2: Data centres are sensitive to the needs to protect data from general distribution in some cases and for some period of time. Many countries have policies to govern this aspect. It is important to ask about these policies if you are concerned about immediate redistribution of the data you provide. Step 3: If it is important in the future to be able to identify the data as collected in the context of a particular project or some other association, then inform the data centre that this is a requirement and ensure that they know the correct term to attach to the data. Step 4: Once data have been delivered to a data centre, they will unpack what was sent. They will looking to be sure that information that is needed by others to interpret the data has accompanied the data. Some centres will also pass the data through procedures to look for unusual values. If they find information is missing, or some unusual measurements, they will come back to talk to you to resolve the questions. The type of information that is important to have includes the instrumentation used, descriptions of how the instruments were deployed, the names of the measured variables, the units of measurement, the precision and accuracy of the measurements, their complete location (both horizontal and vertical dimensions) and precise time, details of any processing such as averaging, calibration, etc. that may have occurred, and so on. Whatever information is needed by someone else to correctly use the data should be provided. Step 5: If for some reason your national centre is unable to manage the data you wish to provide, the next point of contact should be one of the World Data Centres ( HYPERLINK "http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/wdc/" http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/wdc/ ). They operate in similar ways to national centres and so you will have the same basic steps to follow as described above. Recipe 2: Profiling Float Data General Information: The only data returned from profiling floats comes through telecommunications facilities and so the data received in real-time are the only data received. However, in applying the real-time quality control procedures, some measurements may be excluded from real-time distribution. As well, the data reported on the GTS in TESAC code form may have a lower precision than is available from the instruments. Step 1: Each country is responsible for ensuring data from their profiling floats pass through delayed mode quality control procedures agreed to by the Argo Data Management Team and the Argo Steering Team. These procedures are described at  HYPERLINK "http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htm" http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htm. After this is completed, the data should be submitted to the Argo Global Data Assembly Centers. Step 2: If your country already has a processing facility for real-time data, then it is possible that they also carry out the delayed mode quality control as well. If they do not, they will know who carries out this function for your country. Consult your Argo National Focal Point (see  HYPERLINK "http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Argo" http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Argo and choose Contacts then Argo National Focal Points ) or your national data management contact (see  HYPERLINK "http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htm" http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htm and select Argo DM Members). Step 3: If your country has never deployed floats before, consult the recipe that describes how to provide data in real-time. Step 4: It may happen that the facility managing the delayed mode Argo data do not routinely forward the data to your countrys national ocean data centre. Ask your Argo National Focal Point if this occurs routinely. If it does not, contact your national data centre (see the information in section 7) and request that they work with the Argo data processing facility to ensure your float data get to the national archives. If you have no national data centre, consult the IODE Project Office through the link provide in section 7. Recipe 3: Moored Buoy Data Recipe 4: Drifting Buoy Data General information: Section 7 provides information about the international system for managing ocean data. The links provided there will allow you to determine if your country has a point of contact, and where they are situated. Step 1: Each national data centre operates under nationally set mandates and procedures. After contact is made, they will explain what are the procedures for submitting data to the centre and what they do with the data that are received. Some centres accept data in a limited number of formats and others are more liberal. The first step is to determine what data formats are mutually acceptable and by what means the data can be moved. Step 2: Data centres are sensitive to the needs to protect data from general distribution in some cases and for some period of time. Many countries have policies to govern this aspect. It is important to ask about these policies if you are concerned about immediate redistribution of the data you provide. Step 3: If it is important in the future to be able to identify the data as collected in the context of a particular project or some other association, then inform the data centre that this is a requirement and ensure that they know the correct term to attach to the data. Step 4: Once data have been delivered to a data centre, they will unpack what was sent. They will looking to be sure that information that is needed by others to interpret the data has accompanied the data. Some centres will also pass the data through procedures to look for unusual values. If they find information is missing, or some unusual measurements, they will come back to talk to you to resolve the questions. The type of information that is important to have includes the instrumentation used, descriptions of how the instruments were deployed, the names of the measured variables, the units of measurement, the precision and accuracy of the measurements, their complete location (both horizontal and vertical dimensions) and precise time, details of any processing such as averaging, calibration, etc. that may have occurred, and so on. Whatever information is needed by someone else to correctly use the data should be provided. Step 5: If for some reason your national centre is unable to manage the data you wish to provide, the next point of contact should be the Specialized Oceanographic Data Centre for drifting buoy data located in Canada ( HYPERLINK "http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Prog_Int/RNODC/RNODC_e.htm" http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Prog_Int/RNODC/RNODC_e.htm ). Appendix I. Contact Information at Operational Centres Contact Info for Operational Centers who want data in real time or delayed mode Appendix II. Contact Information at Archive Centres Contact Info for various National and International Archives and activities that want delayed mode data     OCG-III/Doc. 7(3), p.  PAGE 3 OCG-III/Doc. 4.5, Appendix B, p.  PAGE 8 =>D G T W Y [ \ ] x { | }   ѺѺѺѺީvhWIhjCJOJQJ^JaJ h:hjCJOJQJ^JaJh<hj5CJOJQJh<hj6CJOJQJ&h^qhj5;CJOJQJ^JaJ hj5;CJOJQJ^JaJ heMhjCJOJQJ^JaJhjCJOJQJh<hjCJOJQJh<hjCJOJQJ h<hjh<hj5CJOJQJh<hjCJOJQJ#$=>?v nn$$ &@#$/Ifa$gdjRkd$$Ifx40[(b 6@ 5)4 xaf4$$ &@#$/Ifa$gdjd$ &@#$/Ifgdj )P*R*  " # E F G X e f q r s | :$ &@#$/Ifgdjd$ &@#$/Ifgdj$$ &@#$/Ifa$gdj$ &@#$/Ifgdj | } ~  zzznbb $$Ifa$gdj d]$Ifgdj$a$gdj$a$gdjukd$$Ifx\[v;( 6@ 5)4 xa  ( C    $ ) . ] e ! " z ĶĶՔuuuucRAc h heMCJOJQJ^JaJ heMhjCJOJQJ^JaJ"hjCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH  h<hjCJOJQJ^JaJh<hj5CJOJQJh<hjCJOJQJ(h6hjCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH hjCJOJQJ^JaJ h6hjCJOJQJ^JaJ&hjCJOJPJQJ^JaJnHtH,h@\hjCJOJPJQJ^JaJnHtH     $ ! " { | meme$a$gdeM$ & F ;^`;a$gdj n]gdj$N^N`a$gdj$a$gdj6kd($$IfTxB4 xaT $$Ifa$gdj$$If`a$gdj z { | ! " 4 236=Ӱ~sbbsӦRh :hj5;CJOJQJ hJfhjCJOJQJ^JaJhj5CJOJQJhJfhj5CJOJQJhhjCJOJQJh hjCJOJQJhjCJOJQJ h:hjCJOJQJ^JaJ"hjCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH hjCJOJQJ^JaJheMCJOJQJ^JaJ h(.hjCJOJQJ^JaJ| ! " 3&'D $ h1$a$gdj $ a$gdj $ a$gdj ^`gdjgdj$a$gdj$a$gdeM$ & F ;^`;a$gdj6%&'D'-7:WX`c| :;z2^bϾϾϩϾϗϋzzzzzzzzzziiz hJfhjCJOJQJ^JaJ h<hjCJOJQJ^JaJhjCJOJQJaJ#h(.hj5CJOJQJ^JaJ(h6hjCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH  h6hjCJOJQJ^JaJhjCJOJQJ^JaJ#h+*hj5CJOJQJ^JaJ h4]hjCJOJQJ^JaJ)DE,-\]PQVW)*uv'r  $ & F( h1$a$gdj $ h1$a$gdjbt| 0; m!!% % %%%#%%%x'''''Ϻ}llϺ[ h(EhjCJOJQJ^JaJ h(.hjCJOJQJ^JaJ(h(.hjCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +h(.hj5CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH #h(.hj5CJOJQJ^JaJ(h&hjCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH "hjCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH  h<hjCJOJQJ^JaJhjCJOJQJ^JaJ l!m!!!$$ % %%%x'y'''''''V($a$gdj $ h1$a$gdj$ `a$gdj $ h1$a$gdj''''''(&(9(T(V(W(Z((((ʶpX@.heMCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH.hjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH1heM5CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH7hyhj5CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH hj56CJOJQJ^JaJ&hyhj56CJOJQJ^JaJ hyhjCJOJQJ^JaJ&hhhj5;CJOJQJ^JaJ h4]hjCJOJQJ^JaJV(W(((++- -P/Q///0y0112B3C3Z6[6::== $ & F,a$gdeM $ Xa$gdeM $ Xa$gdeM$a$gdj((())'*p****++ -%-O-Q-U-f-p-r-x-z-喱~c~H4hahjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH4hhjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH.heMCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH4hyhjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH.hjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH7hyhj6CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH4hyhjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tHz-{-----.B.K.V.i..../-/./M/Q/V///////0000C0H0T0Y0y00011ȰȰȰȰȰȰȰȰȘ}}}ȰȰȰȰb4h,hjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH4h8YhjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH.heMCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH.hjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH4hyhjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH7hyhj5CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH%1111k2t2223B3C3G3[6_6A9ʲjR6RR7heMhj5CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH.heMCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH4h8YhjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH#hyhjCJOJQJ\^JaJ4hyhjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH.hjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH7hphj6CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH1hj6CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tHA9:::::0:==>!>>??;???@@@ AA&A(AGAJAKAî~cc~cGc~c~c~c~c~c~c7hyhj6CJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH4hyhjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH.hjCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH.heMCJOJPJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH(hyhjCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH #hyhjCJOJQJ\^JaJ&hjCJOJPJQJ^JaJnHtH,hyhjCJOJPJQJ^JaJnHtH=JAKA8C9CEEFF%G&GMHNHH IIIIIJJLLM $ Xa$gdeM $ & F$a$gdj$ & F$ _ n1$a$gdj $ Xa$gdeMKAOAAAsBBBBBBC C C(C9C=CGCJCWCdCCCCDDDD5EhEEEEEEEEF3F=FGFXFFFFFFFFF$G%G*GSGXGGGXHdHkHHH޾&hyhj5CJOJQJ\^JaJ hj5CJOJQJ\^JaJ heM5CJOJQJ\^JaJhjCJOJQJ\^JaJ#hyhjCJOJQJ\^JaJheMCJOJQJ\^JaJhj6CJOJQJ^JaJhjCJOJQJ\^JaJ#hyhjCJOJQJ\^JaJ hyhjCJOJQJ^JaJMM M*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$jhjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHujhj0JCJU0jKhj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJ#OXPXQXuXvXwXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXYYȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$jhjCJUmHnHu0j9hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$jhjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j?hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu 0XXX:YYY=ZZZQ[[J\\\T]]M^^_|__]``axaaEb ! gdj ! gdj ! gdjYYYYYY4Y5Y6Y7Y8Y9Y:Y;Y*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$jhjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j3hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu YYYYYYYYYYYYYYY ZZZZZZZ7Z8Z9Z:Z;ZZ?Z[Z\Zȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j hjCJUmHnHu0j! hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$jhjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j'hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu \Z]Z^ZpZqZrZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ[[ȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j hjCJUmHnHu0j hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu [ [ [/[0[1[K[L[M[N[O[P[Q[R[S[o[p[q[r[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j hjCJUmHnHu0j hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu [[[(\)\*\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\h\i\j\k\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$jzhjCJUmHnHu0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$jhjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphu \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\]]]]2]3]4]N]O]P]Q]R]S]T]U]V]r]s]ȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$jnhjCJUmHnHu0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$jthjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphu s]t]u]]]]]]]]]]]]]^^^^+^,^-^G^H^I^J^K^L^M^N^O^k^l^ȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$jbhjCJUmHnHu0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$jhhjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphu l^m^n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^________#_$_ȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$jVhjCJUmHnHu0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j\hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphu $_%_&_Z_[_\_v_w_x_y_z_{_|_}_~_________________``ȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$jJhjCJUmHnHu0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$jPhjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphu ```:`;`<`V`W`X`Z`[`\`]`^`_`{`|`}`~```````````````ȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j>hjCJUmHnHu0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$jDhjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphu ``````aaaaaaaaa8a9a:a;aUaVaWaqarasauavawaxayazaaaȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j2hjCJUmHnHu0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j8hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphu aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"b#b$b>b?b@bBbCbDbEbFbGbcbdbȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j&hjCJUmHnHu0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j,hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphu dbebfbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbccccc c c c c(c)cȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$jhjCJUmHnHu0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphu Ebb cc?dddHee%ffgqgghzhiij}jjXkk7ll0mm ! gdj ! gdj ! gdj)c*c+cccccccccccccccccddd8d9d:dd?d@dAd]d^dȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j!hjCJUmHnHu0j hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jhj>*B*CJUmHnHphu ^d_d`dndodpdddddddddddddddddddddddddd e eȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j#hjCJUmHnHu0j"hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j"hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j!hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu e ee%e&e'eAeBeCeEeFeGeHeIeJefegeheieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j$hjCJUmHnHu0jy$hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j#hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j#hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu eeefffff f"f#f$f%f&f'fCfDfEfFfffffffffffffffȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j&hjCJUmHnHu0jm&hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j%hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0js%hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu ffffffggggggggg3g4g5g6gNgOgPgjgkglgngogpgqgrgsgggȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j(hjCJUmHnHu0ja(hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j'hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jg'hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu gggggggggggggggggggggghhhhhhh h!h=h>hȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j*hjCJUmHnHu0jU*hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j)hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j[)hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu >h?h@hWhXhYhshthuhwhxhyhzh{h|hhhhhhhhhiiiiiiii$i%iȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j,hjCJUmHnHu0jI,hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j+hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jO+hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu %i&i'ibicidi~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijj j j j jjjj,j-jȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j.hjCJUmHnHu0j=.hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j-hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0jC-hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu -j.j/jZj[j\jvjwjxjzj{j|j}j~jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj k kȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j0hjCJUmHnHu0j10hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j/hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j7/hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu kkk5k6k7kQkRkSkUkVkWkXkYkZkvkwkxkykkkkkkkkkkkkkkkȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j2hjCJUmHnHu0j%2hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j1hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j+1hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu kkklll0l1l2l4l5l6l7l8l9lUlVlWlXl}l~lllllllllllllȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j4hjCJUmHnHu0j4hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j3hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j3hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu lll mmm)m*m+m-m.m/m0m1m2mNmOmPmQmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j6hjCJUmHnHu0j 6hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j5hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j5hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu mmmmmm n n nnnnnnn0n1n2n3nNnOnPnjnknlnnnonpnqnrnsnnnȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$j~8hjCJUmHnHu0j8hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$j7hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j7hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu mnqnnLoooooqq{s|svvwwwfygyzz}}gdjgdj ! gdj ! gdjnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn)o*o+oEoFoGoIoJoKoLoMoNojokoȸȥȸۘȸlȸۘ$jr:hjCJUmHnHu0j9hj>*B*CJUmHnHphuhjCJPJmHnHu$jx9hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j8hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu kolomooooooooooooooowww)āҁÄĄׄ #ʋȸȥȸۘvfvf\vOvOvh?ehjOJQJ^Jh?ehj6CJh?ehj5CJOJQJ^Jh?ehjCJh?ehjCJOJQJ^JjhjCJUhjCJPJmHnHu$jl;hjCJUmHnHujhjCJUmHnHuhjCJmHnHuhj0JCJjhj0JCJU0j:hj>*B*CJUmHnHphu)*ÁāҁӁÄĄׄ؄45#$ʋˋyzgdjgdjgdjʋˋ~ɗʗop؟ٟ<=Xkl?@R֭˲²˲²˲˟ˉxe%h?ehjB*CJOJQJ^Jph h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^J+j;h?ehjCJOJQJU^J%jh?ehjCJOJQJU^Jh?ehj5CJOJQJ^Jh?ehjCJh?ehjCJOJQJ^Jh?ehjOJQJ^Jh?ehj6CJh?ehj6OJQJ^J'~!"ɗʗop؟ٟgdjgdjgdj<=XklDEvw!"խ֭=>gdjgdjgdjRDZޱ߱ *_e Bּܾ.IdaWx !45׼u h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^J+jR=h?ehjCJOJQJU^J%jh?ehjCJOJQJU^Jh?ehjOJQJ^J!h?ehjB*OJQJ^Jphh?ehj6CJh?ehjCJh?ehjCJOJQJ^Jh?ehj5CJOJQJ^J%RDZޱ߱ *_`BC de BC67h^hgdjgdjgdjgdjgdjgdj7ռּܾݾ@A.Ide_`]^agdjgdjgdjh^hgdjaWxycdLMJgdjgdjh^hgdjgdjgdjM@AcdeyzHIJ`a01ֶֶֶֶֶֶkֶֶU+jDh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+jzBh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+j@h?ehjCJOJQJU^J+j @h?ehjCJOJQJU^Jh?ehjCJh?ehjCJOJQJ^J h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^J%jh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+j>h?ehjCJOJQJU^J!JL]^!"k{|()Vȿ}ȿ}ȿ}gV h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^J+jEh?ehjCJOJQJU^Jh?ehj6CJ$h?ehjCJOJQJ^JmHsH-h?ehjB*CJOJQJ^JmHphsHh?ehj6CJmHsHh?ehjCJ(h?ehj5B*CJOJQJ^Jphh?ehjCJOJQJ^J%jh?ehjCJOJQJU^JJKL5]^ !"k ^`gdjgdjgdjgdjVWXwx9:; !"TUiֶֶֶֶֶֶtֶֶ^ֶ+jJh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+jIh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+jYHh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+jGh?ehjCJOJQJU^Jh?ehjCJOJQJ^J h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^J%jh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+jFh?ehjCJOJQJU^J!xy-.uvXYhiZ[ gdjgdj^gdj ^`gdjiyz GHIuvWX}~EFӬӬӬjӬ+jOh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+j^Nh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+j5Mh?ehjCJOJQJU^J h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^J+j0Lh?ehjCJOJQJU^J%jh?ehjCJOJQJU^Jh?ehjCJOJQJ^Jh?ehj6CJ TֶֶֶlRl=l(h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^JmH sH 3j2Sh?ehjCJOJQJU^JmH sH -jh?ehjCJOJQJU^JmH sH $h?ehjCJOJQJ^JmH sH +jERh?ehjCJOJQJU^Jh?ehj6CJh?ehjCJOJQJ^J h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^J%jh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+jQh?ehjCJOJQJU^J&TUUV?oppq23\  Y Z gdjgdj ^`gdjo3\֭Ü։rXrCr5h?ehj6CJmHsH(h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^JmH sH 3j8Uh?ehjCJOJQJU^JmH sH -jh?ehjCJOJQJU^JmH sH $h?ehjCJOJQJ^JmH sH  h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^J+jKTh?ehjCJOJQJU^J%jh?ehjCJOJQJU^Jh?ehjCJOJQJ^Jh?ehj6CJ h?ehjOJQJ^JmH sH Y Z   IJKhi  fg񠶏yc+jgXh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+j>Wh?ehjCJOJQJU^J h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^J+jQVh?ehjCJOJQJU^J%jh?ehjCJOJQJU^Jh?ehj6CJh?ehjCJ(h?ehj5B*CJOJQJ^Jphh?ehjCJOJQJ^JZ     klwxnoopgdj ^`gdjgdjgdj-(.(~((((((()))R)S)))))ֶֶֶxhhxWF hyhjCJOJQJ^JaJ h?ehjCJOJQJ^JaJh?ehj5CJOJQJ^Jh?ehjCJ(h?ehj5B*CJOJQJ^Jph+jZh?ehjCJOJQJU^Jh?ehj6CJh?ehjCJOJQJ^J h?ehj0JCJOJQJ^J%jh?ehjCJOJQJU^J+jYh?ehjCJOJQJU^J[!\!""##F%G%R'S',((())R)S))))h^hgdjgdjgdj^gdj ^`gdjgdj))))))))))) *!*M*N*O*P*Q*R*S*$a$$a$gdjgdj))))))))) *******!*.*B*C*I*J*K*L*M*O*P*R*S* hyhjCJOJQJ^JaJhjheM0JmHnHu hj0Jjhj0JUhjOJQJh<hjOJQJhJjhJU6&P 1h:pj. A!n"n#n$n% 6&P 1h:pj. A!n"n#n$n% (/ =!"#$% $$If!vh55b#v#vb:V x4 6@ 5)55b44 xf4$$If!vh5555#v#v#v#v:V x 6@ 5)555544 xp$$If!vh5B#vB:V x5B/ /  44 xTDyK yK @mailto:Sidney.Thurston@noaa.gov}DyK _Toc178153730}DyK _Toc178153730}DyK _Toc178153731}DyK _Toc178153731}DyK _Toc178153732}DyK _Toc178153732}DyK _Toc178153733}DyK _Toc178153733}DyK _Toc178153734}DyK _Toc178153734}DyK _Toc178153735}DyK _Toc178153735}DyK _Toc178153736}DyK _Toc178153736}DyK _Toc178153737}DyK _Toc178153737}DyK _Toc178153738}DyK _Toc178153738}DyK _Toc178153739}DyK _Toc178153739}DyK _Toc178153740}DyK _Toc178153740}DyK _Toc178153741}DyK _Toc178153741}DyK _Toc178153742}DyK _Toc178153742}DyK _Toc178153743}DyK _Toc178153743}DyK _Toc178153744}DyK _Toc178153744}DyK _Toc178153745}DyK _Toc178153745}DyK _Toc178153746}DyK _Toc178153746}DyK _Toc178153747}DyK _Toc178153747}DyK _Toc178153748}DyK _Toc178153748}DyK _Toc178153749}DyK _Toc178153749}DyK _Toc178153750}DyK _Toc178153750}DyK _Toc178153751}DyK _Toc178153751}DyK _Toc178153752}DyK _Toc178153752}DyK _Toc178153753}DyK _Toc178153753}DyK _Toc178153754}DyK _Toc178153754}DyK _Toc178153755}DyK _Toc178153755}DyK _Toc178153756}DyK _Toc178153756}DyK _Toc178153757}DyK _Toc178153757}DyK _Toc178153758}DyK _Toc178153758}DyK _Toc178153759}DyK _Toc178153759}DyK _Toc178153760}DyK _Toc178153760}DyK _Toc178153761}DyK _Toc178153761}DyK _Toc178153762}DyK _Toc178153762}DyK _Toc178153763}DyK _Toc178153763}DyK _Toc178153764}DyK _Toc178153764}DyK _Toc178153765}DyK _Toc178153765}DyK _Toc178153766}DyK _Toc178153766}DyK _Toc178153767}DyK _Toc178153767}DyK _Toc178153768}DyK _Toc178153768}DyK _Toc178153769}DyK _Toc178153769}DyK _Toc178153770}DyK _Toc178153770}DyK _Toc178153771}DyK _Toc178153771}DyK _Toc178153772}DyK _Toc178153772}DyK _Toc178153773}DyK _Toc178153773}DyK _Toc178153774}DyK _Toc178153774}DyK _Toc178153775}DyK _Toc178153775}DyK _Toc178153776}DyK _Toc178153776}DyK _Toc178153777}DyK _Toc178153777}DyK _Toc178153778}DyK _Toc178153778}DyK _Toc178153779}DyK _Toc178153779}DyK _Toc178153780}DyK _Toc178153780}DyK _Toc178153781}DyK _Toc178153781}DyK _Toc178153782}DyK _Toc178153782}DyK _Toc178153783}DyK _Toc178153783}DyK _Toc178153784}DyK _Toc178153784}DyK _Toc178153785}DyK _Toc178153785}DyK _Toc178153786}DyK _Toc178153786}DyK _Toc178153787}DyK _Toc178153787}DyK _Toc178153788}DyK _Toc178153788iDyK <http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WMOCodes.html#OperationalyK `http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WMOCodes.html OperationalADyK 3http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/JCOMMOPSyK fhttp://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/JCOMMOPSyDyK Ahttp://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Contact_US/Request_e.aspyK http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Contact_US/Request_e.aspDyK http://www.iode.org/yK *http://www.iode.org/DyK Lhttp://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61&Itemid=103yK http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61&Itemid=103DyK Jhttp://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=38yK http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=38DyK Khttp://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=46&Itemid=84yK http://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=46&Itemid=84DyK http://www.jcommops.org/sot/yK :http://www.jcommops.org/sot/DyK  http://www.jcommops.org/soopip/yK @http://www.jcommops.org/soopip/DyK http://www.itu.intyK (http://www.itu.int/DyK Ehttp://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Prog_Int/J-COMM/J-COMM_e.htmyK http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Prog_Int/J-COMM/J-COMM_e.htm DyK &http://www.jcommops.org/contacts.htmlyK Lhttp://www.jcommops.org/contacts.htmlADyK 3http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Home_e.htmyK fhttp://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Home_e.htmDyK $http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/index.htmlyK Hhttp://www.argo.ucsd.edu/index.html)DyK -http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htmyK Zhttp://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htmDyK Fhttp://www.coriolis.eu.org/cdc/argo/argo_data_management_handbook.pdfyK http://www.coriolis.eu.org/cdc/argo/argo_data_management_handbook.pdf1DyK /http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/ArgoyK ^http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Argo)DyK -http://www.cls.fr/html/argos/welcome_en.htmlyK Zhttp://www.cls.fr/html/argos/welcome_en.htmlDyK http://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/yK <http://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/DyK )http://www.jcommops.org/wmo_numbers.htmlyK Rhttp://www.jcommops.org/wmo_numbers.htmlDyK http://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/yK <http://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/DyK )http://www.jcommops.org/wmo_numbers.htmlyK Rhttp://www.jcommops.org/wmo_numbers.htmlDyK http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/wdc/yK <http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/wdc/)DyK -http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htmyK Zhttp://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htm1DyK /http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/ArgoyK ^http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Argo)DyK -http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htmyK Zhttp://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htmDyK Chttp://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Prog_Int/RNODC/RNODC_e.htmyK http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Prog_Int/RNODC/RNODC_e.htm"0H@H uNormal CJPJ_HaJmH nHsH tHj@j ?e Heading 1$<@&.5CJ KH OJPJQJ\^JaJ mH sH tH l@l ?e Heading 2$<@&056CJOJPJQJ\]^JaJmH sH tH f@f ?e Heading 3$<@&*5CJOJPJQJ\^JaJmH sH tH d @d ^q Heading 9 <1$@&'CJOJPJQJ^JaJhmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k@(No List 6O6 ;c CharPJmHsHtHnn ;c Table Grid7:V0PJ>@> ;c Footnote TextCJaJ@&!@ ;cFootnote ReferenceH*6U@16 ;c0 Hyperlink >*B*phH@BH *= Balloon TextCJOJQJ^JaJJORJ < Char Char CharPJmHsHtH\B@b\ !< Body Text _ 1$CJOJPJQJaJhtH fOrf *Default 7$8$H$1B*CJOJQJ^J_HaJmH nHphsH tHHC@H ^qBody Text Indentx^P@P ^qHeader  9r CJOJ PJQJ aJhtH .)@. ^q Page Number4 @4 kQFooter  !P^@P y Normal (Web) ddPJaJmH sH tH B@B ?eTOC 1OJPJQJaJmH sH tH J@J ?eTOC 2 ^OJPJQJaJmH sH tH J@J ?eTOC 3 ^OJPJQJaJmH sH tH 4O4 _Char PJmHsHtHLOL _ Char CharCJOJPJQJaJhmH sH S"PPS"8p#$=>?v"#EFGXefqrs|}~$"{!3&'DE, - \ ] PQVW)*uv'r  lm  xyV W ##% %P'Q''y())*B+C+Z.[.2255J9K98;9;==>>%?M@N@@ AAAAABDDEE ERǩީߩ *_`BC de BC67մִܶݶ@A͹ιٺں.IdeǼȼ_`]^aWxycdLMJKL5]^ !"kxy-.uvXYhiZ[ &TUUV?oppq23\YZk l w x  noop[\FGRS,   !!R!S!!!!!!!!!! "!"M"N"O"P"Q"T"0P0P0P0P0T0P0P0P0T0T0P0P0P0P0P0T0T0T0P0P0P0P0P0P0T0T0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0D0D0@0@0@0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0`0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@( 0@( 0@( 0@( 0@( 0@( 0@( 0@( 0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0`0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@@0@$ 0@$ 0@$ 0@$ 0@$ 0@0@0@0@0@0@0@* 0@* 0@* 0@* 0@* 0@* 0@* 0@* 0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@ 0@0fg@0fg@0fg@0fg@0fg@0fg@0fg@0fg@ 0@03o@03o@03o@03o@03o@03o@03o@03o@03o@03o@0w@0w@0w@*0w@0ey@0ey@0ey@0ey@0ey@*0w@0e|@0e|@0e|@0e|@*0w@0@0@0@0@0@03o@0l@0l@0l@0l@0l@*0l@08@08@*0l@0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @*0l@0@0@0@0@0@*0l@0k@0k@0k@ 0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@ 0@0z@0z@0z@0z@0z@0z@0z@ 0@0ޛ@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0ޛ@0w@0w@0w@0w@0w@0w@ 0@0@*0P@0h@0h@*0P@0@0@*0P@0˭@0˭@0˭@0˭@0˭@0˭@0˭@*0P@0@0@*0P@0@0@0@0@0@*0P@0w@0w@*0P@0^@0^@0^@0^@0^@0^@0^@0^@0^@0^@0@*0Ϻ@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@*0Ϻ@0@0@0@0@0@0@*0Ϻ@0@0@0@0f@0f@0f@0f@0f@0f@0f@0f@0f@ 0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@ 0@0@0<@0<@0<@0@0@0@0@0@ 0@0@0@0@0@0@0@ 0@0@0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0@0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@ 0@0@0H@0H@0H@0H@0H@0H@0H@0H@0H@0H@0H@0H@0H@0@0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0@0@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@0A@ 0@0j @0j @0j @ 0@0 @0 @0 @0P@0P@0P@0P@0P@0@@0P@0@@0@@0P 000P0:#$=>?v"#EFGXefqrs|}~$!"{|!"3&'DE, - \ ] PQVW)*uv'r  lm  xyV W ##% %P'Q'''(y())*B+C+Z.[.2255J9K98;9;==>>%?&?M@N@@ AAAAABBDDEE ERǩީߩ *_`BC de BC67մִܶݶ@A͹ιٺں.IdeǼȼ_`]^aWxycdLMJKL5]^ !"kxy-.uvXYhiZ[ &TUUV?oppq23\YZk l w x  noop[\FGRS,   !!R!S!!!!!!!!!!!!!! "!"M"N"O"P"Q"T"00000 0000 0 000000 0 0 0000000 0 000000000000 0 0000 00 00 00 0000000000000000000000000000( 0( 0( 0( 0( 0( 0( 0( 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 000000000000000000000$ 0$ 0$ 0$ 0$ 00000000/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 (0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 &&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&0P&&6&&&P((PP@0h00@0h00@0h00@0h00@0@0@0@0@0h00\00#$=>?v"#EFGXefqrs|}~$"{!3&'DE, - \ ] PQVW)*uv'r  lm  xyV W ##% %P'Q'''(y())*B+C+Z.[.2255J9K98;9;==>>%?&?M@N@@ AAAAABBDDEE ERǩީߩ *_`BC de BC67մִܶݶ@A͹ιٺں.IdeǼȼ_`]^aWxycdLMJKL5]^ !"kxy-.uvXYhiZ[ &TUUV?oppq23\YZk l w x  noop[\FGRS,   !!R!S!!!!!! "!"M"N"T"00000 0000 0 000000 0 0 0000000 0000000000000 0t0000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000( 0( 0( 0( 0( 0( 0( 0( 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 000000000000000000000$ 0$ 0$ 0$ 0$ 00000000/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000(000000(00000(000000000000(000(000000(000000(0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000(000(000(00000000(000(000000(000(000000000000(000000000(0000000(000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000@0j008@0@0 00. ......\\\\\_ z b'(z-1A9KAHPiWOXYY\Z[[\s]l^$_``adb)c^d eefg>h%i-j kklmnkoʋVi)S* | | DV(=MU0XEbm7aJZ )S*R*HHHOOgOhOOOOOOOOP+P-P.P0PPPvPPPPPPPPPPPQQ5Q7Q8Q:QZQpQQQQQQQQQQQRR8R:R;R=R]RqRRRRRRRRRRR S0SLSNSOSQSqSSSSSSS)TETGTHTJTjTTTTTTTTTTTTU3UOUQURUTUtUUUUUUV,VHVJVKVMVmVVVVVVVVWWWW%W[WwWyWzW|WWWWWWWX;XWXZX[X]X}XXXXXXXXYYYY:YVYrYuYvYxYYYYYYYY#Z?ZBZCZEZeZZZZZZZZ[[[ [*[[[[[[[\9\<\=\?\_\o\\\\\\\\\\\ ]&]B]E]F]H]h]]]]]]]^^"^#^%^E^^^^^^^^____5_O_k_n_o_q_________````?`X`t`w`x`z```aaaa&acaaaaaaab b bb.b[bwbzb{b}bbbbbbbc6cRcUcVcXcxcccccccd1d4d5d7dWd~dddddde*e-e.e0ePeeeeeeee ffff2fOfkfnfofqffffffff*gFgIgJgLglgggggg? 4@dyI`0{(Ww: !Ty HuW}E J h  f-   S"X X%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕX%ĕ̕XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX")+OVX_!!l,"$?eK|T]$>@0(  B S  ?S"k _Toc177202329 _Toc177202396 _Toc177372489 _Toc177372537 _Toc177441451 _Toc177443503 _Toc177446510 _Toc177447223 _Toc177449525 _Toc178153730 _Toc177202330 _Toc177202397 _Toc177372490 _Toc177372538 _Toc177441452 _Toc177443504 _Toc177446511 _Toc177447224 _Toc177449526 _Toc178153731 _Toc177441453 _Toc177443505 _Toc177446512 _Toc177447225 _Toc177449527 _Toc178153732 _Toc177441454 _Toc177443506 _Toc177446513 _Toc177447226 _Toc177449528 _Toc178153733 _Toc177441455 _Toc177443507 _Toc177446514 _Toc177447227 _Toc177449529 _Toc178153734 _Toc177441456 _Toc177443508 _Toc177446515 _Toc177447228 _Toc177449530 _Toc178153735 _Toc177441457 _Toc177443509 _Toc177446516 _Toc177447229 _Toc177449531 _Toc178153736 _Toc177441458 _Toc177443510 _Toc177446517 _Toc177447230 _Toc177449532 _Toc178153737 _Toc177441459 _Toc177443511 _Toc177446518 _Toc177447231 _Toc177449533 _Toc178153738 _Toc177441460 _Toc177443512 _Toc177446519 _Toc177447232 _Toc177449534 _Toc178153739 _Toc177441461 _Toc177443513 _Toc177446520 _Toc177447233 _Toc177449535 _Toc178153740 _Toc177202336 _Toc177202403 _Toc177372496 _Toc177372544 _Toc177441462 _Toc177443514 _Toc177446521 _Toc177447234 _Toc177449536 _Toc178153741 _Toc177202337 _Toc177202404 _Toc177372497 _Toc177372545 _Toc177441463 _Toc177443515 _Toc177446522 _Toc177447235 _Toc177449537 _Toc178153742 _Toc177202338 _Toc177202405 _Toc177372498 _Toc177372546 _Toc177441464 _Toc177443516 _Toc177446523 _Toc177447236 _Toc177449538 _Toc178153743 _Toc177202339 _Toc177202406 _Toc177372499 _Toc177372547 _Toc177441465 _Toc177443517 _Toc177446524 _Toc177447237 _Toc177449539 _Toc178153744 _Toc177202340 _Toc177202407 _Toc177372500 _Toc177372548 _Toc177441466 _Toc177443518 _Toc177446525 _Toc177447238 _Toc177449540 _Toc178153745 _Toc177372501 _Toc177372549 _Toc177441467 _Toc177443519 _Toc177446526 _Toc177447239 _Toc177449541 _Toc178153746 _Toc177372502 _Toc177372550 _Toc177441468 _Toc177443520 _Toc177446527 _Toc177447240 _Toc177449542 _Toc178153747 _Toc177372503 _Toc177372551 _Toc177441469 _Toc177443521 _Toc177446528 _Toc177447241 _Toc177449543 _Toc178153748 _Toc177372504 _Toc177372552 _Toc177441470 _Toc177443522 _Toc177446529 _Toc177447242 _Toc177449544 _Toc178153749 _Toc177372505 _Toc177372553 _Toc177441471 _Toc177443523 _Toc177446530 _Toc177447243 _Toc177449545 _Toc178153750 _Toc177372506 _Toc177372554 _Toc177441472 _Toc177443524 _Toc177446531 _Toc177447244 _Toc177449546 _Toc178153751 _Toc177372508 _Toc177372556 _Toc177441474 _Toc177443525 _Toc177446532 _Toc177447245 _Toc177449547 _Toc178153752 _Toc177372509 _Toc177372557 _Toc177441475 _Toc177443526 _Toc177446533 _Toc177447246 _Toc177449548 _Toc178153753 _Toc177372510 _Toc177372558 _Toc177441476 _Toc177443527 _Toc177446534 _Toc177447247 _Toc177449549 _Toc178153754 _Toc177372511 _Toc177372559 _Toc177441477 _Toc177443528 _Toc177446535 _Toc177447248 _Toc177449550 _Toc178153755 _Toc177372512 _Toc177372560 _Toc177441478 _Toc177443529 _Toc177446536 _Toc177447249 _Toc177449551 _Toc178153756 _Toc177372513 _Toc177372561 _Toc177441479 _Toc177443530 _Toc177446537 _Toc177447250 _Toc177449552 _Toc178153757 _Toc177372514 _Toc177372562 _Toc177441480 _Toc177443531 _Toc177446538 _Toc177447251 _Toc177449553 _Toc178153758 _Toc177372515 _Toc177372563 _Toc177441481 _Toc177443532 _Toc177446539 _Toc177447252 _Toc177449554 _Toc178153759 _Toc177441482 _Toc177443533 _Toc177446540 _Toc177447253 _Toc177449555 _Toc178153760 _Hlt177373359 _Hlt177373360 _Hlt177373488 _Hlt177373489 _Toc177446541 _Toc177447254 _Toc177449556 _Toc178153761 _Toc177446542 _Toc177447255 _Toc177449557 _Toc178153762 _Toc177446543 _Toc177447256 _Toc177449558 _Toc178153763 _Toc177446544 _Toc177447257 _Toc177449559 _Toc178153764 _Toc177447258 _Toc177449560 _Toc178153765 _Toc177446545 _Toc177447259 _Toc177449561 _Toc178153766 _Toc177446546 _Toc177447260 _Toc177449562 _Toc178153767 _Toc177446547 _Toc177447261 _Toc177449563 _Toc178153768 _Toc177447262 _Toc177449564 _Toc178153769 _Toc177447263 _Toc177449565 _Toc178153770 _Toc177447264 _Toc177449566 _Toc178153771 _Toc177447265 _Toc177449567 _Toc178153772 _Toc177446548 _Toc177447266 _Toc177449568 _Toc178153773 _Toc177446549 _Toc177447267 _Toc177449569 _Toc178153774 _Toc177446550 _Toc177447268 _Toc177449570 _Toc178153775 _Hlt178129734 _Hlt178129735 _Hlt178129286 _Hlt178129287 _Hlt178130047 _Hlt178130048 _Hlt178128234 _Hlt178128235 _Hlt178128633 _Hlt178128634 _Toc177446551 _Toc177447269 _Toc177449571 _Toc178153776 _Toc177446552 _Toc177447270 _Toc177449572 _Toc178153777 _Toc177446553 _Toc177447271 _Toc177449573 _Toc178153778 _Toc177446554 _Toc177447272 _Toc177449574 _Toc178153779 _Toc177446555 _Toc177447273 _Toc177449575 _Toc178153780 _Toc177449576 _Toc178153781 _Toc177446556 _Toc177447274 _Toc177449577 _Toc178153782 _Toc177446557 _Toc177447275 _Toc177449578 _Toc178153783 _Toc177446558 _Toc177447276 _Toc177449579 _Toc178153784 _Toc177446560 _Toc177447277 _Toc177449580 _Hlt178130315 _Hlt178130316 _Toc178153785 _Toc177446562 _Toc177447278 _Toc177449581 _Toc178153786 _Toc177446564 _Toc177447279 _Toc177449582 _Toc178153787 _Toc177446565 _Toc177447280 _Toc177449583 _Toc178153788ggggggggggooooooooooxxxxxxyyyyyy||||||˃˃˃˃˃˃ʏʏʏʏʏʏppppppppppٗٗٗٗٗٗٗٗٗٗ==========XXXXXXXXXX֥֥֥֥֥֥֥֥֥֥RRRRRRRRǩǩǩǩǩǩǩǩ********eeeeeeee ִִִִִִִִ........IIIIIIIIaaaaaaaaWWWWWWWWMMMMMMmmyyLLLL5555^^^^ """"kkkkiiiiTT\\\\&&&&????ppp3\\ZZZZ        S!S!S!S!T"  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~@@@@      !"#$%&'()*+,-@.@/@0@1@2@3@4@5@6@789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWX[\]Y@Z@^_`abcdefghijggggggggggoooooooooo(x(x(x(x(x(xyyyyyy||||||""""""WWWWWWWWWWjjjjjjjjjjƩƩƩƩƩƩƩƩݩݩݩݩݩݩݩݩ ^^^^^^^^AAAAAAAA۶۶۶۶۶۶۶۶HHHHHHHHccccccccwwwwwwwwnnzz4444\\\\ jjjjvUU]]]]%%%%SSSS>>>>nnnn[[[[    !!!!T""'O8 ' ',}'"'o''4"'L( '; 'a'ޯ't2"'l'3''h'3't'l"'_'\'p'\''!'4m"'% 'L{'d' h$'L'Ti2 'j2 'Jyy !$$%+K+}.5222222266666;>>>? ?@m@++T"      !|| !$$$%)+W+.A222222266666;>? ??? @@11T"  != *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType=*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceNameB!*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region8 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity9"*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace e"! "!""""""!!!!!"" "" """!"!DEFGV W DE ))I.X.4466\:b:==BBkHoHwI{I JJJJjjn{v{||lp!۞ߞNR.2048<ѹչnrvz @Esw%LR8>3\!!!!!!!!!!!!O"P"T"!" "2(2"3(3@@HHxx-8,7w}0424uzjn3[* 1 47 !!!!!!!!!!!!O"P"T"3333333333333333333333>v#G$!";vABEqE9F`F7MQM;OOO!!!!!!!!!!!!"!"B"O"P"T" !{|!"W ##% %P'Q'''((y(y())))**B+C+Z.[.2255J9K98;9;==>>%?&?M@N@N@BBDDE`FJJ6M7MJM!!!!!!!!!!!!!""B"L"T"/,[<R[ |{/A J"T$SY܆ nf2|j^j.$<_6(pL/(W4q*"L%.8WC)0&ڲZel1&0Z4]q :܆  :RY:\9:zc; ^MD$7>E$NJGH_2GK FFUOhV^^GZJ1M\&E{*\LtoV]z8^7`ahtbnag1bSXQcȼ,bdnh$hnnfo\xڮm`o\pZinqPN|0"A}0{A}~^`OJQJh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hH^`OJ QJ o(hH ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hH8^8`o(. ^`hH.  L^ `LhH.  ^ `hH. x^x`hH. HL^H`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.h^`56;o(hH()h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h ^`o(hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHa^`ao(()h^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.^`o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ o(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ o(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hH^`o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hH8^8`o(. ^`hH.  L^ `LhH.  ^ `hH. x^x`hH. HL^H`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.^`o() ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHhy y ^y `OJQJo(hHhII^I`OJ QJ o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ o(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJaJo(hH()h^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh ^`hH)h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hH^`o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h^`CJaJo(hH)h^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHp0p^p`0o(.   ^ `hH.  L ^ `LhH. xx^x`hH. HH^H`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.h^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`56;o(hH() ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.^`o(.   ^ `hH.  L ^ `LhH. bb^b`hH. 22^2`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. rLr^r`LhH.h ^`o(hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh ^`hH)h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.^`o(.   ^ `hH.  L ^ `LhH. ii^i`hH. 99^9`hH.  L ^ `LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. yLy^y`LhH.h^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHhZZ^Z`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh**^*`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hHh^`CJOJQJaJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJ QJ o(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHoh^`OJ QJ o(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJ QJ o(hH/nahm`o :el1A /( ^j^Ha6(,.$pn2|2GKinqhVA}MD:\9:GZ7>E"1bPN|{A}1M\nfoQc0Z4c;L%.q*R[ C)0NJGtoV]SYFUbd{*\q :n/WW8Num4/,>        ^        ,>        ,>        BsN        F-        nZ        ,>        ,>        ,>                          ,>        nZ                 wv        ,>                 ,>        ,>        ]        ,>        ,>                ,>        ,>        ,>        ,>        ,>                ,>        ,>        F-        G;        nZ        ,>                =:        ,>        ,>        ,>        ,>        i% IP  lc?lc? IJeMj>EFG|}DxMR!S!!!!!!!!"O"T"<~@!!(Q| !!S"@Unknown Gz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial;|i0BatangG5  hMS Mincho-3 fg;SimSun[SO3Times5& zaTahomaC& UniversArial;&z Helvetica?5 z Courier New;WingdingsO1 CourierCourier New"1h6,ӆ6,ӆ,҆F+F+!x4d_!_!< 2qHX ?;c2 Appendix AEtienne CharpentierEtienne Charpentier/                           ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . Oh+'0 $0 P \ h t Appendix AEtienne Charpentier Normal.dotEtienne Charpentier2Microsoft Office Word@^в@f}@\`@\`F+՜.+,D՜.+,8 hp|  wmo_!  Appendix A Title" 8@ _PID_HLINKSA" qiChttp://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Prog_Int/RNODC/RNODC_e.htm1:-http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htm1w:/http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Argo1:-http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htm1Qhttp://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/wdc/1B!)http://www.jcommops.org/wmo_numbers.html1MRhttp://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/1B!)http://www.jcommops.org/wmo_numbers.html1MRhttp://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/1']-http://www.cls.fr/html/argos/welcome_en.html1w:/http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Argo1!Fhttp://www.coriolis.eu.org/cdc/argo/argo_data_management_handbook.pdf1:-http://www.coriolis.eu.org//cdc/argo_rfc.htm1d$http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/index.html1Zk3http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Home_e.htm1N&http://www.jcommops.org/contacts.html1 Ehttp://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Prog_Int/J-COMM/J-COMM_e.htm1d*http://www.itu.int/1?/ http://www.jcommops.org/soopip/1M}http://www.jcommops.org/sot/1hzKhttp://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=46&Itemid=8417ZwJhttp://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=381 ktLhttp://www.iode.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61&Itemid=1031RUqhttp://www.iode.org/1y3nAhttp://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/meds/Contact_US/Request_e.asp1i5k3http://wo.jcommops.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/JCOMMOPS1HFh0http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WMOCodes.html Operational;a1_Toc178153788;[1_Toc178153787;U1_Toc178153786;O1_Toc178153785;I1_Toc178153784;C1_Toc178153783;=1_Toc178153782;71_Toc178153781;11_Toc178153780;+1_Toc178153779;%1_Toc178153778;1_Toc178153777;1_Toc178153776;1_Toc178153775; 1_Toc178153774;1_Toc178153773;1_Toc178153772;1_Toc178153771;1_Toc178153770;1_Toc178153769;1_Toc178153768;1_Toc178153767;1_Toc178153766;1_Toc178153765;1_Toc178153764;1_Toc178153763;1_Toc178153762;1_Toc178153761;1_Toc178153760;1_Toc178153759;1_Toc178153758;1_Toc178153757;1_Toc178153756;1_Toc178153755;1_Toc178153754;1_Toc178153753;1_Toc178153752;1_Toc178153751;}1_Toc178153750;w1_Toc178153749;q1_Toc178153748;k1_Toc178153747;e1_Toc178153746;_1_Toc178153745;Y1_Toc178153744;S1_Toc178153743;M1_Toc178153742;G1_Toc178153741;A1_Toc178153740;;1_Toc178153739;51_Toc178153738;/1_Toc178153737;)1_Toc178153736;#1_Toc178153735;1_Toc178153734;1_Toc178153733;1_Toc178153732; 1_Toc178153731;1_Toc178153730p mailto:Sidney.Thurston@noaa.gov1  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~     Root Entry FBcData B\1TableWordDocumentSummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8$CompObjq  FMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q