ࡱ> ~}` 0\bjbjss Ad# .  33383\@4| ]l4^&5<5<5<5t6Z66VVVV3VY\$_hWb\Q Dp6t6DD\ <5<54]*GGGD <5 <5VGDVGGMS| T<54 #L36ES"UG]<]SbEb$TTb TP6f`;$G>A666\\FX666]DDDD            WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ________________________  INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (OF UNESCO) ________________________ JOINT WMO-IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY (JCOMM) EXPERT TEAM ON MARITIME SAFETY SERVICES Task Team on Maritime Safety Information GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, 9 TO 11 MARCH 2009TT-MSI/Doc. 4.1 (2) (24.II.2009) __________ ITEM 4.1 Original: ENGLISH Review of the Sea Ice Services in the World (Submitted by Dr Vasily Smolyanitsky, chair of the ETSI) Summary and Purpose of Document This document reviews the sea ice services in the world. ACTION PROPOSED The Task Team is invited to: Note and comment on the information provided as appropriate; Consider the information contained in the document in the development of the implementation of the GMDSS in the Arctic region. ______________________ DISCUSSION 1. Accepted mandate for the national ice services is to: Ensure the safety of marine activities in the ice-infested waters and protect the environment; Provide knowledge of the ice environment sufficient to support environmental sciences and the development of informed policies. 2. National ice services activities at the WMO level are coordinated by JCOMM Expert Team on Sea Ice as well as by regional and global alliances. For the last couple of years the North American Ice Service (NAIS) will fully amalgamate the Canadian Ice Service (CIS), US National Ice Centre (NIC) and International Ice Patrol (IIP). The Baltic Sea Ice Meeting (BSIM) has the longest history (starting in 1940s) but less harmonization and amalgamates the 11 Baltic Sea Ice Services (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, and Sweden). The European Ice Service (EIS) is the newest alliance (started in 2007) incorporating Finland, Norway and Sweden. The International Ice Charting Working Group (IICWG) initiated in 1999 provides a forum for most of the ice services, centres and sea ice data providers and successfully works as technical advisor to ETSI. 3. During the last few years, the IICWG and BSIM meetings on annual or bi-annual scale successfully supplemented ETSI sessions and jointly provided snapshots and reviews of the national ice services in world, which is also, summarized in the WMO technical reports and in a dedicated WMO No. 574 publication Sea Ice Services in The World. The latest information available online includes: IICWG-IX (October 2008) summary meeting report ( HYPERLINK "http://nsidc.org/noaa/iicwg" http://nsidc.org/noaa/iicwg); BSIM-23 (September 2008) meeting report ( HYPERLINK "http://www.bsis-ice.de" http://www.bsis-ice.de); 1st Ice Analysts Workshop (June 2008) (JCOMM web); 3rd edition (November 2006) of the WMO No. 574 publication Sea Ice Services in The World (JCOMM web). 4. The ETSI-III session developed a technical schema and agreed on the annual update of the WMO No. 574 publication in an electronic form. To this effect from September 2008, the national ice services started to submit to the ETSI chair updates for the 4th edition of the publication. By February 2009, updates for Argentina, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and USA were received. Compilation of the updated version is expected by mid-spring 2009. 5. According to currently available information, the following regions of the Northern hemisphere are covered by the ice services or centres from the 16 countries: Hemispherical analysis: USA Arctic Ocean: Russia, USA Canadian Arctic: Canada Eurasian Arctic, Bering, Okhotsk, Tatar Strait and White Seas and : Russia North Atlantic and Barents Sea: Norway North Pacific, Bering, Beaufort and Chukcha Seas: USA Greenland Sea, Davis Strait, Baffin Bay: Denmark, Canada Iceland Sea: Iceland Baltic Sea (Baltic Sea Ice Services: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden) Far East Seas: China, Japan, USA Caspian Sea: Russia, Kazakhstan/Denmark Black and Azov Seas: Russia Great Lakes: North American Ice Service (Canada-USA) 6. Ice services in the Southern hemisphere are provided for the following regions: Hemispheric analysis: USA Regional analysis: Ross Sea, USA Regional analysis: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific sectors, Russia Sectoral analysis: Argentina, Australia, UK, Italy 7. Polar orbiting satellites are primary information source and include: Synthetic aperture radar Passive microwave radiometer, scatterometer Optical and infrared sensors Radar altimeters 8. In-situ measurements are implemented by the ice services for gap filling and validation, and include: Drifting buoys / Manned drifting stations / ice camps / shipborne reports Coastal stations (e.g. sea level) Aircraft observations 9. Typical products issued by the ice services, information that actually comprises the  ice services , may be divided into following groups and according to their scale and complexity: Low-resolution hemispheric products include ice distribution and age produced by several centres. These kind of products are usually based on the passive microwave satellite imagery (Spatial resolution ~25 km), produced weekly or bi-weekly, occasionally daily and is aimed on the navigation support for long-range planning as the spatial resolution is not sufficient for ship routing through ice. Semi-hemispheric products are similar in attributes to hemispheric products with additional higher resolution (up to 1-6 km) satellite data may be used and more manual analysis may be applied. Regional ice charts are typically produced manually weekly or bi-weekly, using standard WMO nomenclature, coding system and colour scheme across all national ice services. High-resolution ice charts and high-resolution annotated satellite imagery are produced on scale hours 1 day, and are largely based on a manual analysis of satellite imagery: optical (AVHRR, MODIS etc) with a resolution of ~ 250m - 1km, SAR (RADARSAT, ENVISAT etc) with resolution 25 100 m and others. Prognostic (usually 1-7 days) ice charts for ice parameters critical for safety and success of navigation (ice distribution and thickness, ridges, ice motion, compacting, diverging, leads) both on tactical and regional scales. Supplementary synoptic and prognostic (usually 1-7 days) meteorological charts or grids; Textual warnings and forecasts for ice and weather parameters critical for safety and the success of navigation. Medium to long-term ice and meteorological phenomena forecasts with a lead-time of more than 7 days (commonly based on empirical models). 9. The ETSI acknowledged and accepted the following three sets of requirements for sea ice services developed, during the period 2003-2007 by the IICWG in collaboration with the ETSI, GCOS SST and SI, as well as other national experts: Observational Requirements for Key Ice Features/Optimum Future Value (from Ice Information Services: Socio-Economic Benefits and Earth Observation Requirements; prepared for the Group on Earth Observation (GEO) and Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES), September 2007,  HYPERLINK "http://nsidc.org/noaa/iicwg/IICWG8_2007/presentations/IICWG_Socio_Economic_Benefits_Oct_2007.pdf" http://nsidc.org/noaa/iicwg/IICWG8_2007/presentations/IICWG_Socio_Economic_Benefits_Oct_2007.pdf); National Operational Ice Information Requirements (from An International Collaborative Effort towards Automated Sea Ice Chart Production,  HYPERLINK "http://www.nsidc.org/noaa/iicwg/presentations/IICWG_white_paper_final.doc" \n _blankwww.nsidc.org/noaa/iicwg/presentations/IICWG_white_paper_final.doc, also included in the ETSI-II Session Report); Summary of Current/Planned Capabilities and Requirements for Space-based Remote Sensing of Sea Ice and Iceberg Parameters and Summary of Current/Planned Capabilities and Requirements for lake and river ice parameters (from: IGOS Cryosphere Theme - Report of the Cryosphere Theme Team, version 1.0r4, 13 March 2007, source: => n q u v y ǶraP h1h CJOJQJmH sH  h1h$KwCJOJQJmH sH  h1hdOICJOJQJmH sH  h1h>CJOJQJmH sH  h1hACJOJQJmH sH  h1hMCJOJQJmH sH  h1h24xCJOJQJmH sH h1h24xOJQJh1h24xmH sH #h1h24x5CJOJQJmH sH  h1h24xCJOJQJmH sH #$=>?v $Ifgd_>] $$Ifa$gd_>]Lkd$$IfTx40v(G4 xaf4T $$Ifa$gd_>] d$Ifgd_>]\\ 6 7 8 ` a b v $Ifgd_>] $IfgdM :$Ifgd_>] d$Ifgd_>] $$Ifa$gd_>]$:$Ifa$gd_>]    ~~p~~g~~ $1$a$gd24x $1$7$8$H$a$gdM $1$a$gd$Kw$a$gddOIokdr$$IfTx\v(M 4 xaT     ; {iSF5 h1h$KwCJOJQJ^JaJh1h$Kw@mH sH +h1hA6CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH #h1hA6CJOJQJmH sH #h1h24x6CJOJQJmH sH #h1h$Kw6CJOJQJmH sH  h1h CJOJQJmH sH  h1h$KwCJOJQJmH sH =h1hM5CJOJPJQJ\^JaJhmH nHsH tH=h1hA5CJOJPJQJ\^JaJhmH nHsH tH   ; < u v w x |i\ $1$]a$gd24x$N1$^N`a$gd$Kw $1$a$gd$Kw6kd $$IfTxB4 xaT$d$*$1$Ifa$gdS%$d$*$1$Ifa$gdS%$$$1$Ifa$gdS% $d*$1$a$gd$Kw ; < J s t v w x Ի闆p[F[1[(h1h:/)CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1h24xCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1h$KwCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +h1h$Kw5CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH  h1h$KwCJOJQJmH sH h1h$Kw@mH sH ,h1h @CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 1h1h(B*CJOJQJ^JaJmH phsH (h1hdOICJOJQJ^JaJmH sH ,h1h$Kw@CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH  d ([$ & F ;1$Eƀ҆()^`;a$gd($ ;^`;a$gd:/)[$ & F ;1$Eƀ҆()^`;a$gd( $1$]a$gd$Kw c e f g ~ ּ֒|jUC.UC.U(h1h!CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH "h!CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1h4ACJOJQJ^JaJmH sH #h1h$Kw5OJQJ^JmH sH +h1h$Kw5CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1h$KwCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1h#:CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 3h1h(CJOJQJ^JaJhmH nH sH tH (h1h:/)CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1h CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH d e f g ~  $a$gd4A $1$a$gd$Kw1$gd$Kw $1$^a$gd$Kw $1$a$gd$Kw $1$]a$gd$Kw $1$a$gd#: ' ( 4+ $1$a$gd4A[$ & F 81$Eƀ҆ ^`a$gd($ 1$^`a$gd4A[$ & F 81$Eƀ҆ ^`a$gd( ^iIMRW]a ֯֝֝֝֋֋rVr7jnh1h4ACJOJQJU^JaJmH sH 1jh1h4ACJOJQJU^JaJmH sH "hXCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH "haCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1hHCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH "h!CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1h4ACJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1haCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH  4589@A$ & F p1$^`a$gd($ 81$^a$gd4A $1$a$gd4A$ 1$^`a$gd4A$ & F p1$^`a$gd($a$gd4A45bc?Ajo&/EFGK`лллtt__MM"hHCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1hXCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1hHCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +h1h4ACJH*OJQJ^JaJmH sH 7jkh1h4ACJOJQJU^JaJmH sH (h1h4ACJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 1jh1h4ACJOJQJU^JaJmH sH ,h1h4A0JCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH `dFH)4CDJR6;MPQaحm[mI[m[I"h6CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH "hHCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1hHCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1hXCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +h1h4ACJOJQJZ^JaJmH sH (h1h4ACJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +h1hXCJOJQJ\^JaJmH sH +h1h4ACJOJQJ\^JaJmH sH "hXCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH  T{JL,n*+ $ 81$a$gd4A$ & F 1$`a$gd($a$gd4A $1$^a$gd4A$ & F p1$^`a$gd(+tuRS02b$ & F 1$^a$gd($a$gdb $ 81$a$gd4A$a$gd4A $`a$gd4A$ & F 1$`a$gd(gd4Abc$ % <W$ & F 1$Eƀ҆  ^a$gd(W$ & F 1$Eƀ҆  ^a$gd($ 1$^`a$gd(ac -!3!B!F!Z!\!!!!!!!!"##A$$$ҽ~l~S=*hLCJOJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH0h1h4ACJOJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH"hHCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (h1h4ACJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (hbhbCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (hbh6CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (hbh4ACJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +h1h4ACJOJQJ]^JaJmH sH .h1h4A6CJOJQJ]^JaJmH sH  """"C#D###@$A$}ggg^ $1$a$gd4A$ & F 1$^a$gd(W$ & F 1$Eƀ҆ ^a$gd($ 1$^`a$gd($ & F 1$^a$gdb A$-%.%%'&'(.Z$ & F *$Eƀ҆-^`a$gd($ *$^`a$gd(Z$ & F *$Eƀ҆-^`a$gd($a$gd4A$P&Q&&&&!'"'''(((Y(Z())\H\ʏvaEvvvCaU7jgh1h4ACJOJQJU^JaJmH sH (h1h4ACJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 1jh1h4ACJOJQJU^JaJmH sH 4h1h4A0JCJOJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH?jVh1h4ACJOJQJU^JaJmH nHsH tH9jh1h4ACJOJQJU^JaJmH nHsH tH0h1h4ACJOJQJ^JaJmH nHsH tH((\\\\\\\\\ne\ZZZZ $1$a$gd24x $1$a$gd $ 67nJ 1$^`a$gd $a$gd4AZ$ & F *$Eƀ҆-^`a$gd($ *$^`a$gd( HYPERLINK "http://stratus.ssec.wisc.edu/cryos/documents.html" \n _blankhttp://stratus.ssec.wisc.edu/cryos/documents.html). _____________     MSI/Doc. 4.1(2), p.  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