ࡱ>  bbjbjqq eecYqj(j(5 5 666$767676P6 776׈7Q8:888{:D:$:4666666ˎm66:Y:"{:::65588KD>>>:r588684>:4>>f 58gJ:>76i<L H׈҄M=Mx6̇M6@::>:::::66>:::׈::::M:::::::::j( s4: World Meteorological OrganizationIntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (of UNESCO) JOINT WMO-IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY (JCOMM)  JCOMM-4/ FORMTEXT Doc. 6 Approved by: PlenaryDate:30.05.2012 FORMTEXT FOURTH SESSION  FORMTEXT Yeosu, Republic of Korea,  FORMTEXT 23 to 31 May 2012Original Language:  FORMTEXT EnglishAgenda Items: 6, 6.1Status:APPROVED ASK Text10 " " \* MERGEFORMAT  in situ and satellite observing systems Report to plenary on items 6 and 6.1 REFEFENCES: JCOMM-4/Doc. 6, JCOMM-4/BM 6 and JCOMM-4/Doc. 6, DRAFT 2 APPENDIX: Draft text for inclusion in the general summary of JCOMM-4 CONTENT OF DOCUMENT: see View -> Document Map  APPENDIX: DRAFT TEXT FOR INCLUSION IN THE GENERAL SUMMARY OF JCOMM-4 6. IN SITU AND SATELITE OBSERVING SYSTEMS (agenda item 6) Introduction The Commission noted that the Observations Programme Area (OPA) continued to be guided by the GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-138) in developing and supporting a climate-quality composite ocean observing system (see item 5.1). As such, the OPA acted as an umbrella for a diverse range of observing programmes, some supported by national met-ocean services, some supported largely by research funding with sustained intent but uncertain continuity. The OPA was also mindful of the emerging requirements for new technologies and observations, especially of biogeochemical variables, that had been outlined during the OceanObs09 conference (Venice, Italy, September 2009). Coordination of this would be developed through the GOOS Framework for Ocean Observations (see item 11). The OPA also regularly reviewed non-climate observing requirements expressed through the WMO Rolling Review of Requirements process. The Commission asked the OPA to continue with its efforts in developing the composite observing system to address those challenging requirements. The Commission recalled that the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) has entered in its Implementation Phase per Resolution 50 (Cg-XVI), and agreed that JCOMM should be fully involved in this activity. Particularly, considering the successful outcome of the JCOMM Pilot Project for WIGOS, the Commission requested the OPA and DMPA to address the legacy recommendations of the Pilot Project during the next intersessional period (JCOMM/TR-No. 48) as JCOMMs contribution to WIGOS implementation. See also item 6.2 for further details. The Commission considered the recent WMO initiative to establish a Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS, see item 5.3) and asked the OPA to engage fully with this process and to establish a dialogue regarding any additional observing requirements that the GFCS might in due course identify. The Commission noted with concern that the status of the observing system, expressed as a percentage of the in situ implementation goals, had not significantly increased since JCOMM-III in 2009, and that some networks have decreased compared to these goals. The Commission urged Members / Member States to commit towards achieving and sustaining the initial implementation goals. 6.0.4bis The Commission noted with appreciation the activities of the Observations Programme Area during the intersessional period since JCOMM-III, and stressed the need for continuous action towards the goals identified by the OPA. The Commission encouraged further action in improving observations in high latitudes and in marginal seas and the coastal ocean, while recognizing that barriers related to procedures for access to territorial waters and Exclusive Economic Zones would have to be recognized and overcome. The Commission expressed concern about the sustainability of the research funding sources that are supporting much of the observations coordinated in the OPA, and encouraged the Commission to further engagement with operational agencies that may be better able to sustain ocean observations. The Commission recalled that all observations coordinated by the OPA flowed from in situ observing programmes, and that productive collaborative links with remote sensing programmes had been slow to establish (but see 6.0.9 below). The Commission urged the OPA to be as proactive as possible in forging links with the remote sensing community for the overall benefit of ocean observation. The Commission noted with appreciation the establishment of Regional Marine Instrument Centres (RMICs) in WMO Regional Association (RA) IV (N. America, Central America and the Caribbean) and RA II (Asia), addressing observing instrument best practices and standards (see agenda item 6.2), and decided to pursue these initiatives. In so doing, the Commission urged Members / Member States to consider offering new RMIC facilities in other regions. The Commission was pleased to note that most OPA programmes had benefited from the dedicated technical support of the Technical Coordinators based at the JCOMM in situ Observations Programme Support Centre (JCOMMOPS) in Toulouse. Nonetheless, financial support for JCOMMOPS remained fragile and fragmentary, and the Commission urged all Members / Member States to do their utmost to contribute to or enhance their existing level of support to JCOMMOPS (see item 6.3). Issues by observing system Data Buoy Co-operation Panel (DBCP) The Commission noted with approval that, since JCOMM-III, major activities by the DBCP had included (i) capacity development, (ii) the continued extension of buoy coverage and sea level pressure observations to data-sparse regions, and (iii) outreach to other observing systems and platforms (e.g. OceanSITES). In this latter context, the Panel, as was its custom at these junctures, had proposed changes to its Terms of Reference at its previous session (Geneva, September 2011) to reflect this new activity (see also item 12.4). 6.0.8bis The Commission noted with concern that the number of operating drifters had fallen to around 75% of the 1,250 target due to technical problems, and that DBCP was actively engaged with the drifter manufacturers on this issue. The Panel had also continued with the initiation of a number of pilot projects to evaluate new communications technologies and sensors with a view to their eventual transition to routine operational use. The Commission was pleased to record that the pilot project approach had proved particularly successful, making full use of the Panels expertise and wide-ranging connections within the research, manufacturing and operational sectors, and urged Members / Member States to support the DBCP in these activities, which did much to ensure a consensus-based approach to the development of the global buoy network. The Commission encouraged the DBCP to continue with its efforts to extend buoy coverage and sea level pressure observations to data-sparse areas and in particular the South West Indian Ocean. 6.0.8ter The Commission expressed its appreciation of the DBCP for the Report on Ocean Data Buoy Vandalism Incidence, Impact and Responses, that was received and endorsed by the IOC Assembly, WMO Congress, and the United Nations General Assembly, with a view to promoting an integrated UN approach to address this critical issue. The Commission acknowledgeds guidance from WMO and IOC governing bodies regarding the issue of vandalism on data buoys through WMO Resolution 25 (Cg-XVI) and IOC Assembly Resolution XXVI-6, and requesteds that the Management Committee respond to these resolutions to continue monitoring and documenting ocean observing systems vandalism events (see recommended format for reporting events on the web at  HYPERLINK "ftp://ftp.wmo.int/Documents/PublicWeb/amp/mmop/documents/dbcp/templates/Format-DBCP-Buoy-Vandalism-Reports.doc" ftp://ftp.wmo.int/Documents/PublicWeb/amp/mmop/documents/dbcp/templates/Format-DBCP-Buoy-Vandalism-Reports.doc ) and develop an implementation strategy across the Programme Areas to increase awareness of the essential nature of these ocean observing systems to protect life and property and enhance our understanding of climate and oceans, The Commission was pleased to hear that the most recent project, a joint venture between the DBCP and the Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST), was serving as a model of how to engage the remote sensing sector in developing new standards and practices for better in situ validations and ultimately better satellite products. It encouraged the DBCP to continue with its proactive engagement with the global satellite community. Noting that the DBCP had recently assumed responsibility for the coordination of data collection and dissemination from rigs and platforms operated by the offshore industry, the Commission urged the Panel and the OPA in general to continue to investigate all possible means to recruit to additional ocean observing platforms. The Commission further noted with appreciation that substantial efforts had been made by the DBCP to realize the Partnership for New GEOSS Applications concept (PANGEA) starting through a series of workshops in the Western Indian Ocean region, and now expanding to other regions. The Commission requested the OPA to continue these capacity development efforts, and urged Members / Member States to contribute to these activities. In considering the need to extend JCOMMs activities in ocean wind and wave observation, the Commission decided to work through the DBCP and ETWS to continue efforts to enhance in situ global wave observing capability, in support of satellite product and ocean model validation, through the evaluation of in situ wave measurements and the development of cost-effective buoy technology. Ship Observations Team (SOT) The Commission recalled that the SOT coordinated the activities of the Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) programme and Ship Of Opportunity Programme (SOOP). Within the VOS component, moves had been agreed to promote the migration of observing ships to the climate-quality VOSClim standard, with ideally 25% of the VOS fleet achieving that status within the next two years. In a similar vein, the goal of creating a leaner but more efficient VOS fleet had led to the requirement that all VOS should aim to report at least 20 times per month. In part, the motivation for these changes had to come from the ship operators, and the SOT had extended its dialogue in this regard to include the World Ocean Council (WOC), which had established itself as a forum for the promotion of environmental issues amongst all sectors of marine industry. The Commission urged the SOT to continue with its efforts in this regard and asked Members / Member States to encourage their shipping companies to implement the VOSClim standard as widely as possible amongst their VOS fleets. The Commission recognized the trend over recent years of an increase in the number of reports from ship-based automatic weather stations and the likely continued reduction in the manual observations from the VOS fleet. The Commission agreed that motivation had also to be promoted amongst ships officers, and that action had been taken to reinvigorate the Port Meteorological Officer (PMO) network, especially in developing countries, as a key component in enlisting an enthusiastic body of marine observers. In this regard, the Commission urged its Members / Member States, especially from developing regions, to work with the SOT to develop and strengthen their PMO services. With regard to the SOOP, the Commission noted that this Panel implemented routine oceanographic observations, mostly from selected cargo ships, and mainly in the form of eXpendable Bathy-Thermographs (XBTs). The Commission urged Members / Member States to continue their support for this activity, which complemented the observations being obtained from the Argo programme. In particular, it encouraged a more extensive implementation of other en route oceanographic measurement systems, such as Ferry Boxes, eXpendable Conductivity Temperature Depth probes (XCTDs), Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs), ThermoSalinoGraphs (TSGs) and Continuous Plankton Recorders (CPRs). The Commission recalled that ship call-sign masking had risen markedly in importance as a means to prevent ship positions being readily identified by third parties, especially via websites that published data circulating on the GTS. Free access to such data had raised serious security concerns amongst commercial ship operators on whose goodwill the VOS network depended. At its Sixth Session (Hobart, Australia, April 2011), the SOT had agreed to promote the development of a ship call-sign encryption scheme that would mask ships identities from the general public, but yet allow data quality monitoring centres to subsequently link observations to particular ships. The Commission, in noting the importance of this initiative in retaining the participation of the VOS and in permitting thorough quality analysis and feedback to participating ships, urged the SOT to work closely with expert bodies such as the WMO CBS in developing a common and robust standard for call-sign masking. Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) The Commission recognized the role of GLOSS in promoting and maintaining a multi-purpose network of tide level gauges that supported a broad research and operational user base, and expressed appreciation for the GLOSS contribution to the climate, coastal and operational service modules of GOOS through the sea level measurement network and data exchange arrangements. The Commission welcomed the increased operational contribution GLOSS had made in the development of tsunami warning systems, although it also noted significant gaps in the network, particularly in Africa, the Arctic, the western Pacific and Indian Ocean. It strongly urged Members / Member States to contribute to the GLOSS Core Network (GCN) as outlined in the 2012 GLOSS Implementation Plan, especially to meet the requirement for all GCN stations to report data in near-real time and to continuously measure geodetic changes using the Global Navigation Satellite System. OceanSITES Noting with appreciation the excellent collaboration that had been established between OceanSITES and the DBCP, and the provision through JCOMMOPS of a part time Project Office function, the Commission requested Members / Member States to contribute to or enhance their existing level of support to JCOMMOPS (see item 6.3). The Commission invited OceanSITES to continue to work with its Principal Investigators on a number of issues, namely (i) the definition of a minimal set of interdisciplinary variables; (ii) the development of clear data management policies and systems; (iii) the identification of additional resources for project support through JCOMMOPS, and (iv) the creative use of matching funds to encourage deep ocean observations. In thanking OceanSITES for its collaboration with the OPA, the Commission urged it to continue its efforts to increase the number of reference stations making geophysical variables available in real-time to the international community on a free and unrestricted basis. Argo The Commission noted with appreciation the efforts of the Argo Steering Team and the support of Members / Member States in the continued maintenance of the global array of now 3500 Argo profiling floats operating in the deep ocean, marginal seas and high latitudes. The Commission recognized that the target of 3,000 floats refers to the original (core) mission of Argo to deliver 3 degree coverage in the ice-free regions (nominally between 60N and 60S) of the open ocean regions of greater than 2,000 m depth. The Argo Steering Team has recommended to define the global Argo mission to now include all areas in the ocean where depths are more than 2,000 m, including marginal seas and high latitudes, which will imply a need for more than 3,000 floats and a new target will be defined for this. 6.0.20bis The Commission also applauded the successful implementation of a completely open data policy (coupled to strong data management and quality control procedures), the extension of the array to serve additional missions on top of its core climate objectives, and the efforts of Argo in the Scientific Educational Resources and Experience Associated with the Deployment of Argo (SEREAD) project for climate education in the South Pacific. However, it recognized that major efforts were necessary to ensure adequate geographical coverage and to ensure sustainability of the array, and urged Members / Member States to contribute to float deployments and to the JCOMMOPS Argo Information Centre in order to maintain and strengthen this capability. The Commission requested the OCG to work with all OPA networks and the proposed JCOMMOPS Ship Coordinator (see item 6.3) to achieve synergies in the use of common deployment opportunities. This would permit the deployment of more floats in furtherance of the arrays design goals, especially in the southern hemisphere, as well as other platforms. International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) The Commission noted that the IOCCP had continued to work proactively in developing both a consensus for best practices and an effective network for global surface ocean carbon observations. In this context, the IOCCP had been instrumental in compiling the GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual and the Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements, and had facilitated data collection, management and data synthesis activities, including the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas. In reviewing these activities, the Commission recalled the importance of ocean carbon measurements in elucidating the issues surrounding climate change and ocean acidification, and urged Members / Member States to contribute actively to the work of the IOCCP, including to project office which had recently left the IOC secretariat (see item 4). In this context, the Commission also noted the emergence of the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) that was working alongside IOCCP and the SOT to coordinate research-ship-based hydrographic observations of the properties of the water column. As for IOCCP, there was a clear need for adequate technical coordination to ensure that the aims of the programme were met and sustained, and the Commission encouraged the IOCCP, the SOT and Members / Member States to support this research activity and to explore possible synergies with other ship-based activities. Issues faced by the OPA The Commission was well aware that the fragmented funding of OPA activities not only affected the maintenance of JCOMMOPS and its technical coordinators (see item 6.3), but also impacted the ability of individual observing teams and panels to capitalize on their central coordination role in initiating pilot projects for the impartial evaluation of new technologies, in creating task teams to tackle important issues, and in extending outreach to other observing groups and developing country regions through Capacity Development workshops and other activities. Given that these practical activities were central to establishing the value of JCOMM in delivering its central purpose of better observing the oceans in a sustainable way, the Commission urged all Members / Member States to prioritise contributions towards these practical actions, and to seek guidance as necessary from the OPA chair as to how best to target their effort in support of the global endeavour in better observing the oceans. The Commission noted the WMO Congress decision to establish an International Forum of Users of Satellite Data Telecommunication Systems, covering a wide user basis. The Forum would address remote data communication requirements, including tariff negotiations as needed, for automatic environment observing systems coordinated through WMO and partner organizations such as IOC and FAO. The Commission requested the OPA and DMPA to take an active role in the forum with the objective of realizing more cost-effective and efficient satellite data collection from autonomous ocean observing platforms. With the goal of facilitating operator insertion of data into real-time data streams, the Commission noted that the JCOMM Cookbook for the submission of ocean data in real time and delayed mode was nearly complete, and requested the OPA in collaboration with the DMPA to finalize the cookbook and publish it as a JCOMM Technical Report as soon as possible. In this context, the Commission requested that the OPA, together with the DMPA, promote the establishment and publication of access routes to the authoritative data sets for the observing system elements under its coordination. Outreach new collaborations and contributions The Commission recognized that new ocean observing technologies had a strong potential to contribute to the evolution of the observing system. The Commission requested the OPA to engage with these new ocean observing communities, especially those using porpoising sub-surface gliders and surface wave gliders, to ensure that the benefits of working with JCOMM were well appreciated. The Commission noted with appreciation the OPA involvement in the World Ocean Council "Smart Ocean / Smart Industries" workshop (12-13 December 2011, IOC, Paris, France) and requested the OPA to engage proactively with this group in order to expand the role and scale of ocean industry participation in all aspects of oceanographic and marine meteorological observation and services. The Commission encouraged the OPA to continue its efforts, already under way with GHRSST, to develop a dialogue with the satellite communities in order to better understand their needs, to define a realistic set of in situ requirements, and to initiate joint pilot projects to demonstrate the value of new synergies. 6.1 JCOMM OPA Implementation Goals (agenda item 6.1) 6.1.1 The Commission recalled that the implementation goals of the OPA were defined by the GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-138), and requested the OCG to continue proactively engaging with the WMO Rolling Review of Requirements process in setting its goals and metrics for implementation (see JCOMM-4/BM 6). The Commission regarded the issue of metrics to be of central importance in identifying shortcomings in the observing system and in demonstrating progress and value in JCOMMs activities and the contributions of Members / Member States thereto. In commending the efforts that had been made in maintaining these metrics, it urged the OPA, through JCOMMOPS and the NOAA Observing System Monitoring Center (OSMC), to further develop its capability in this regard and to draw up metrics by Essential Ocean Variable (EOV, see item 11) and by individual Member/ Member State, as well as by platform type, as had been the practice so far. ___________ ftp://ftp.wmo.int/Documents/PublicWeb/amp/mmop/documents/dbcp/templates/Format-DBCP-Buoy-Vandalism-Reports.doc     JCOMM-4/Doc. 6, DRAFT 2APPROVED DOCVARIABLE "FdDocNb" \* MERGEFORMAT , APPENDIX, p. 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